Steady-State Noise Analysis of Spontaneous and Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Optical Fibers

Jenkins, Ron; Sova, Raymond M.; Joseph, R. I.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2006.889673

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The change in electric fields can be ascribed to the system of three first order differential coupled equations thus [10],…”

Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of the nonlinear phase shift induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering for bi-directional pumping configuration system using particle swarm optimization algorithm

Alasadi

2013

J. Eur. Opt. Soc.-Rapid Publ.

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We present a theoretical analysis of an additional nonlinear phase shift of backward Stokes wave based on stimulated Brillouin scattering in the system with a bi-directional pumping scheme. We optimize three parameters of the system: the numerical aperture, the optical loss and the pumping wavelength to minimize an additional nonlinear phase shift of backward Stokes waves due to stimulated Brillouin scattering. The optimization is performed with various Brillouin pump powers and the optical reflectivity values are based on the modern, global evolutionary computation algorithm, particle swarm optimization. It is shown that the additional nonlinear phase shift of backward Stokes wave varies with different optical fiber lengths, and can be minimized to less than 0.07 rad according to the particle swarm optimization algorithm for 5 km. The bi-directional pumping configuration system is shown to be efficient when it is possible to transmit the power output to advanced when frequency detuning is negative and delayed when it is positive, with the optimum values of the three parameters to achieve the reduction of an additional nonlinear phase shift.

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“…The change in electric fields can be ascribed to the system of three first order differential coupled equations thus [10],…”

Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of the nonlinear phase shift induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering for bi-directional pumping configuration system using particle swarm optimization algorithm

Alasadi

2013

J. Eur. Opt. Soc.-Rapid Publ.

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“…-O O 1 1 01y Ho = 0 1 0 0 1 1 -1 I 0 1 0 0_ (7) The relation between the code length N and the number of users K for EDW code with weight three are represented by [13] The transmitter section is consisted of an optical source to generate the optical carrier signal, The function of the encoder was to amplitude-spectrally encode the source according to the EDW code with a weight of 3 [13], pseudo-random bit .7ource encoder sequence generator and NRZ pulse generator to generate the input signals, an external modulator to modulate the input signal into the optical carrier signal, and a power combiner used to integrate the signals and launch into optical fiber. The optical fiber section includes the fiber cable used for the transmission.…”

Section: Mathematical Deescription Of Stimulatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, Stimulated Brillouin scattering introduces distortion, excess loss and noise into both the backscattered and transmitted light. The induced distortion and noise in addition to the significant power loss of the transmitted wave make SBS the main impairment in long-distance optical communication systems with fiber as transmission media [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Optical CDMA by Considering Nonlinear Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Effects in Optical Fiber

Hatim

Hasoon

Shaari

2008

2008 6th National Conference on Telecommunication Technologies and 2008 2nd Malaysia Conference on Photonics

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We conducted a experimental simulation study to assess the effects of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) on an incoherent optical code division multiple access OCDMA (enhanced double weight EDW-code) system of one and two user at 1 Gb/s over optical fiber with two different transmission distances 30 km and 50 km. SBS causes backward scattering of pump light and this in turn causes a reduction of output power. It was found that the effects of SBS take place at small value of output power at longer distance because of the system have low threshold power value. The effects of SBS at two user OCDMA have a little effect as compared with one user.

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“…The differential equations in time t and position z can be written as [8] * This work has been supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents where E p and E s are the complex field amplitudes of the pump light and the Stokes light, respectively, is the complex variable amplitude of the material density of the fiber, n is the refractive index, c is the light speed in a vacuum, is the attenuation coefficient, a is the phonon intensity decay rate, and and are the Brillouin coupling constants. For the spontaneous Brillouin scattering, the scattering light, which is related to the thermal noise fluctuation written as f, is only generated from the interaction between the pump light and the variation of the material density of the fiber.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The value can reach 3.287 dB when the coding length is 31, corresponding to 14.4% improvement compared with the S matrix. In the following, we numerically analyze the distributed Brillouin fiber sensor system using the pump encoding based on the Brillouin-scattering coupled amplitudes equations and choose the parameters for the system according to the relevant theoretic and experimental references [7,8] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Pump encoding in distributed Brillouin fiber sensors

Jiang

Pan

Yan

et al. 2010

Optoelectron. Lett.

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Pump encoding is an effective approach to enhance the weak signal detection in distributed Brillouin fiber sensors. In this paper, a new encoding matrix that can improve the detection performance is proposed. Furthermore, a distributed fiber sensor for both single and encoding pump operations is numerically analyzed by using Brillouin-scattering coupled amplitudes equations. The results demonstrate that the matrix can reduce the transmission times for pumping light and simplify the coding process. The power of the scattering signal and the coding gain can be improved with the increasing code length. The detected scattering optical power is almost three orders of magnitude higher than that of the single pulse pump, as the coding length is 31, corresponding to 14.4 % improvement for the coding gain compared with the S matrix encoding method. At the same time, the temperature uncertainty can also be decreased.According to Raman or Brillouin scattering [1, 2] , Brillouin based distributed sensors can monitor both the temperature and the strain simultaneously [3] . As well known, spontaneous Brillouin scattering is so weak that it is hard to be detected. Especially, when the measure distance is increasing, the attenuation of scattering light is increasing as well. Therefore, the performance of the sensors would be seriously decreased. Generally, the detection techniques for scattering light include the direct detection method [4] and the interferometric detection method [5] .The characteristics of the Brillouin frequency shift are used to obtain the scattering light in the interferometric detection which requires a comparatively complex sensor system. Moreover, the direct detection method has a simple system structure with the disadvantage of hardly detecting the weak scattering light. Therefore, the pump encoding methods are proposed to enhance the performance of the systems. In the early stage, the S matrix was used to improve the ability of the traditional optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) [6] , as well as the distributed Brillouin fiber sensors [7] subsequently. The results show that the direct detection with Brillouin fiber sensors can achieve a better signal to noise ratio (SNR), and a simple structure is available by utilizing the S matrix encoding. Nevertheless, this means has a limitation that the complexity of realization and the transmission time of the encoding light are increasing with the coding length.In this paper, we propose a method of pump encoding to enhance the performance of distributed fiber sensors. According to the analysis of the S matrix encoding method, a novel encoding matrix is presented to get the higher power scattering light and the coding gain. The matrix also has the advantage that the transmission time of the encoding light does not increase with the coding length.The measurement can be achieved by using the temperature effect of spontaneous Brillouin scattering in the distributed Brillouin fiber sensors. The pump light injected into the fiber interacts with the density fluc...

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Steady-State Noise Analysis of Spontaneous and Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Optical Fibers

Cited by 47 publications

References 26 publications

Reduction of the nonlinear phase shift induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering for bi-directional pumping configuration system using particle swarm optimization algorithm

Reduction of the nonlinear phase shift induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering for bi-directional pumping configuration system using particle swarm optimization algorithm

Performance of Optical CDMA by Considering Nonlinear Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Effects in Optical Fiber

Pump encoding in distributed Brillouin fiber sensors

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