Steady-State Plasma Concentration Profile of Transdermal Rotigotine: An Integrated Analysis of Three, Open-Label, Randomized, Phase I Multiple Dose Studies

Original article Neuroprotective effect of rotigotine against complex I inhibitors, MPP+ and rotenone, in primary mesencephalic cell culture

“…Treatment with 10 µM rotigotine decreased the number of THir neurons, which is similar to the behaviour of the D 2 agonist pergolide and αdihydroergocryptine [9,10]. However, the high unphysiological concentration of 10 µM exceeds by far the therapeutic doses of 116 mg/day and the achieved plasma concentrations of unconjugated rotigotine which amount up to 1 ng/ml [7].…”

Impact of 6-month earlier versus postponed initiation of rotigotine on long-term outcome:post hocanalysis of patients with early Parkinson’s disease with mild symptom severity

“…It is applied once daily using a transdermal patch, enabling continuous drug delivery and stable plasma levels over a 24-h period [14]. The benefit of treating patients with early PD with rotigotine has been demonstrated in both short-and long-term studies.…”

Continuous dopaminergic delivery to minimize motor complications in Parkinson’s disease

“…The transdermal delivery system maintains a stable drug release profile allowing for a steady-state plasma concentration of rotigotine while the patch is in place [53]. Placebo-controlled trials showed rotigotine to be an effective treatment for early PD [54,55].…”

“…The rotigotine transdermal patch does achieve CDD with steady-state plasma concentration [53], and can be effective in reducing 'off' time when added to a levodopa regimen. The sideeffect profile is expected to be similar to that of oral dopamine agonists (including impulse control disorders, somnolence, weight gain and peripheral edema) with the exception of local skin irritation reactions, which are unique to the patch.…”