The rechargeable lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) battery has the highest theoretical specific energy density
of
any rechargeable batteries and could transform energy storage systems
if a practical device could be attained. However, among numerous challenges,
which are all interconnected, are polarization due to sluggish kinetics,
low cycle life, small capacity, and slow rates. In this study, we
report on use of KMnO4 to generate a colloidal electrolyte
made up of MnO2 nanoparticles. The resulting electrolyte
provides a redox mediator for reducing the charge potential and lithium
anode protection to increase cycle life. This electrolyte in combination
with a stable binary transition metal dichalcogenide alloy, Nb0.5Ta0.5S2, as the cathode enables the
operation of a Li–O2 battery at a current density
of 1 mA·cm–2 and specific capacity ranging
from 1000 to 10 000 mA·h·g–1 (corresponding
to 0.1–1 mA·h·cm–2) in a dry air
environment with a cycle life of up to 150. This colloidal electrolyte
provides a robust approach for advancing Li–air batteries.