Steam gasification of German hard coal using alkaline catalysts

Leonhardt, P; Sulimma, A.; Heek, Karl-Heinrich van; Jüntgen, H.

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(83)90198-9

Cited by 49 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Indeed Van Heek and coworkers [46,47] have shown that for a Westerholt char the reaction order amounted to 2/3 (~ = 1), independent of the catalyst content, above 10-20% burn-off. The reaction rate is determined by the carbon surface and will have a positive order in the carbon present.…”

Section: Iv-4 Catalysed Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Catalysed and Uncatalysed Coal Gasification

Kapteijn

Moulijn

1986

Carbon and Coal Gasification

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Section: Iv-4 Catalysed Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Catalysed and Uncatalysed Coal Gasification

Kapteijn

Moulijn

1986

Carbon and Coal Gasification

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“…It is postulated that mineral ash may have contributed to the different reaction mechanisms of catalytic steam gasification of lignite and bituminous coal conducted by these researchers. Leonhardt et al (1983) found that the ability of alkali cations to catalyze a steam-coal reaction significantly decreases when they react with alumina-silicates, or kaolinite, a mineral dominantly contained in coal ash. The reaction between kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) with K2CO3 at a temperature greater than 600 o C will dominantly result in kaliophilite (KAlSiO4) (Kallai & Lapides, 2003), as shown below: Al2Si2O5(OH)4 + K2CO3 → 2 KAlSiO4 + H2O + other side product (R8)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Effect of K2CO3 in Steam Gasification of Lignite Char on Mole Ratio of H2/CO in Syngas

Tristantini¹,

Supramono²,

Suwignjo³

2015

IJTech

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To fulfill the requirement for synthetic fuel (synfuel) production in theFischer-Tropsch process, in which syngas fed to the process has a H2/CO mole ratio approaching 2, gasification of lignite coal is needed. In this research, char particles were prepared by pyrolysis of lignite coal at controlled heating rates to obtain the highest possible surface area for gasification. In the gasification process, char with a surface area of 172.5 m 2 /g was used, along with the catalyst K2CO3 in a fixed bed reactor. In this research, there were variations in the steam/char mass ratio Results of this research showed that the highest H2/CO mole ratio of 2.07 corresponding to the mole ratio of gas yield/carbon of 1.13 was achieved at the gasification temperature of 675 o C using the catalyst K2CO3; the steam/char mass ratio was 2.0. However, at the same gasification conditions-but without a catalyst-the H2/CO mole ratio and corresponding mole ratio of gas yield/carbon were 3.02 and 0.42, respectively. A finding of this research was that the addition of the catalyst K2CO3 to gasification of lignite char adversely reduced the mole ratio of H2/CO compared to gasification without catalysis. It is suspected that the high composition of mineral ash in coal ash reacted with the K2CO3 catalyst, thus causing the Boudouard reaction to compete considerably with the water-gas reaction. The increases in gasification temperature and the steam/carbon ratio lowered the mole ratio of H2/CO in syngas.

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“…(1) water, because it is cheap and abundant; (2) H 2 SO 4 , because it is a strong acid and most likely to recover all the catalyst cations completely; and (3) acetic acid, because regeneration of the catalyst from the solvent extract would be easier than in H 2 SO 4 extraction because no or little SO 4 2-ions would be involved.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simultaneously, interest in this subject was stimulated at the Exxon Corporation 3 and in the Netherlands. 4 At General Electric Corporation, 5 scientists evaluated the behavior of binary and ternary eutectic salts in enhancing the gasification of graphite and coal. At Pennsylvania State University, 6 scientists worked on the calcium-catalyzed gasification of lignite chars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Gasification of Coal Using Eutectic Salts: Recovery, Regeneration, and Recycle of Spent Eutectic Catalysts

Sheth

Sastry

Yeboah

et al. 2003

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Catalyst recovery studies were conducted for gasified chars produced from steam gasification of Illinois #6 coal catalyzed with two different catalyst systems. A ternary (43.5 mol% Li 2 CO 3 -31.5 mol% Na 2 CO 3 -25 mol% K 2 CO 3 ) and a binary (29 mol% Na 2 CO 3 -71 mol% K 2 CO 3 ) eutectic catalyst system were used for gasifying coal. Various extraction schemes, such as water extraction, H 2 SO 4 extraction, and acetic acid extraction, were evaluated with respect to their extraction efficiencies. Effects of major process variables, such as solvent-to-char ratio, mixing time, temperature, and concentration, on the extraction efficiency were evaluated. A process schematic for the entire catalyst recovery, regeneration, and recycle scheme was developed and the preliminary process economics were determined based on these extraction schemes. H 2 SO 4 extraction was found to be the most desirable. It also turned out to be more attractive than a once-through throwaway system.

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Steam gasification of German hard coal using alkaline catalysts

Cited by 49 publications

References 3 publications

Kinetics of Catalysed and Uncatalysed Coal Gasification

Kinetics of Catalysed and Uncatalysed Coal Gasification

Catalytic Effect of K2CO3 in Steam Gasification of Lignite Char on Mole Ratio of H2/CO in Syngas

Catalytic Gasification of Coal Using Eutectic Salts: Recovery, Regeneration, and Recycle of Spent Eutectic Catalysts

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