Steatocystoma Multiplex Confined to the Scalp with Concurrent Alopecia

Abstract

Steatocystoma multiplex (SM) is an uncommon disorder of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by the development of numerous sebum-containing dermal cysts which rarely involves the scalp. Here, we report a case of a 50-year-old man with multiple cystic nodules and alopecic patches on his scalp. On histopathological examination, the folded cyst was found to be lined by stratified squamous epithelium, while flattened sebaceous gland cells were identified in the cystic wall. Pigment casts were present in the hair papillae and perifollicular regions, suggesting trichotillomania as a possible cause of the observed alopecia. This case appears to represent an unusual clinical manifestation of SM.

Steatocystoma Multiplex Suppurativa: A Case with Unusual Giant Cysts over the Scalp and Neck

“…Characteristically, it presents with multiple skin-colored dermal cysts on the trunk, axilla, groin, and proximal extremities [1]. In the literature, however, there are rare SM presentations reported for the breasts, face [15, 16], and scalp [17, 18], but in most of these atypical cases, the lesions were localized and limited to a single anatomical location.…”

“…They classified the typical form as mostly hereditary, appearing in childhood and early adulthood, with SM limited to the scalp as being sporadic and appearing in late adulthood. Lee et al [17] reported sporadic cases of SM presentation limited to the scalp, with alopecia patches due to trichotillomania.…”

Steatocystoma Multiplex

“…[ 20 ] SM of the scalp with concurrently acquired alopecia secondary to trichotillomania has been reported. [ 21 ] The occurrence of multiple SM is reported in a psoriasis patient on ustekinumab treatment. [ 11 ]…”

Steatocystoma multiplex associated with bilateral preauricular sinuses

“…Steatocystoma multiplex is characterized by the development of numerous steatocystomas involving areas that are anatomically rich in sebaceous glands, such as the chest, arms, axillae and neck. However, cases involving the scalp, the retroauricular region, the groin, the nose or even the acral areas have also been described.…”