Stem Cell Interventions for Bone Healing: Fractures and Osteoporosis

Sanghani-Kerai, Anita; McCreary, Dara; Lancashire, Henry T.; Osagie, Liza; Coathup, Melanie; Blunn, Gordon

doi:10.2174/1574888x13666180410160511

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Thus, it appears that while CXCR4 blockade with plerixafor released more BM cells into the circulation, it also inhibited BM cell chemotaxis to the fracture site, leading to a net decrease in cell accumulation. These findings support previous reports suggesting that plerixafor acts to block CXCR4 + cell migration toward SDF-1 producing stromal cells during the acute phase of fracture healing and, therefore, may be detrimental [35].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Bone marrow cell homing to sites of acute tibial fracture: 89Zr-oxine cell labeling with positron emission tomographic imaging in a mouse model

et al. 2018

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BackgroundBone fracture healing is dependent upon the rapid migration and engraftment of bone marrow (BM) progenitor and stem cells to the site of injury. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 plays a crucial role in recruiting BM cells expressing its receptor CXCR4. Recently, a CXCR4 antagonist, plerixafor, has been used to mobilize BM cells into the blood in efforts to enhance cell migration to sites of injury presumably improving healing. In this study, we employed zirconium-89 (89Zr)-oxine-labeled BM cells imaged with positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) to visualize and quantitate BM cell trafficking following acute bone injury and to investigate the effect of plerixafor on BM cell homing. Unilateral 1-mm incisions were created in the distal tibia of mice either on the same day (d0) or 24 h (d1) after 89Zr-oxine-labeled BM cell transfer (n = 4–6, 2–2.3 × 107 cells at 9.65–15.7 kBq/106 cells). Serial microPET/CT imaging was performed and migration of 89Zr-labeled cells to the bone injury was quantified. The effects of three daily doses of plerixafor on cell trafficking were evaluated beginning on the day of fracture generation (n = 4–6). The labeled cells localizing to the fracture were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn d0- and d1-fracture groups, 0.7% and 1.7% of administered BM cells accumulated within the fracture, respectively. Plerixafor treatment reduced BM cell migration to the fracture by approximately one-third (p < 0.05 for both fracture groups). Flow cytometry analysis of donor cells collected from the injured site revealed a predominance of CD45+ stem/progenitor cell populations and subsequent histological analysis demonstrated the presence of donor cells engrafted within sites of fracture repair.Conclusion89Zr-oxine labeling enabled visualization and quantitation of BM cell recruitment to acute fractures and further demonstrated that plerixafor plays an inhibitory role in this recruitment.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13550-018-0463-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Bone marrow cell homing to sites of acute tibial fracture: 89Zr-oxine cell labeling with positron emission tomographic imaging in a mouse model

et al. 2018

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional treatments for orthopedic disorders like osteoporosis, femoral head necrosis, bone defects, and nonunion disorders [1–7] have poor clinical efficacy due to their inability to ameliorate the loss in bone mass. Therefore, the current focus of treating bone disorders is tissue regeneration using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) [7, 8]. A number of studies have investigated the effects of various drugs, mechanical stress, physical stimuli, and scaffolds on BMSCs [9–11], in order to clinically translate its regenerative capacity [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Action of Icariin in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Yang

et al. 2019

Stem Cells International

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Osteoporosis, femoral head necrosis, and congenital bone defects are orthopedic disorders characterized by reduced bone generation and insufficient bone mass. Bone regenerative therapy primarily relies on the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and their ability to differentiate osteogenically. Icariin (ICA) is the active ingredient of Herba epimedii, a common herb used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations, and can effectively enhance BMSC proliferation and osteogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism of ICA action in BMSCs is not completely clear. In this review, we provide an overview of the studies on the role and mechanism of action of ICA in BMSCs, to provide greater insights into its potential clinical use in bone regeneration.

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“…Enrichment and differentiation of stem cells have been confirmed for the benefits in bone regeneration and maintenance of bone homeostasis. As both experiments and clinical investigations have revealed definite efficacy of stem cells in treatment of fractures, osteoporosis, cartilage, and ligament injuries[ 13 - 15 ], it has become an attractive avenue of research for therapeutic applications in musculoskeletal disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of action of neuropeptide Y on stem cells and its potential applications in orthopaedic disorders

Wu¹,

Jiang²,

Yu³

2020

WJSC

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Musculoskeletal disorders are the leading causes of disability and result in reduced quality of life. The neuro-osteogenic network is one of the most promising fields in orthopaedic research. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) system has been reported to be involved in the regulations of bone metabolism and homeostasis, which also provide feedback to the central NPY system via NPY receptors. Currently, potential roles of peripheral NPY in bone metabolism remain unclear. Growing evidence suggests that NPY can regulate biological actions of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial cells, and chondrocytes via a local autocrine or paracrine manner by different NPY receptors. The regulative activities of NPY may be achieved through the plasticity of NPY receptors, and interactions among the targeted cells as well. In general, NPY can influence proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, migration, mobilization, and cytokine secretion of different types of cells, and play crucial roles in the development of bone delayed/non-union, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. Further basic research should clarify detailed mechanisms of action of NPY on stem cells, and clinical investigations are also necessary to comprehensively evaluate potential applications of NPY and its receptor-targeted drugs in management of musculoskeletal disorders.

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Stem Cell Interventions for Bone Healing: Fractures and Osteoporosis

Cited by 28 publications

References 113 publications

Bone marrow cell homing to sites of acute tibial fracture: 89Zr-oxine cell labeling with positron emission tomographic imaging in a mouse model

Bone marrow cell homing to sites of acute tibial fracture: 89Zr-oxine cell labeling with positron emission tomographic imaging in a mouse model

Mechanism of Action of Icariin in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mechanisms of action of neuropeptide Y on stem cells and its potential applications in orthopaedic disorders

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