Stem Cell Therapy for Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Critical Review

Allogeneic and Xenogeneic Transplantation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Immunocompetent Recipients Without Immunosuppressants

“…The SVF can be directly used for therapy or further processed for the isolation of ADSC. In future clinical applications, adipose tissue mincing will undoubtedly be substituted by liposuction, and the SVF isolation handled by all-in-one devices that are now commercially available [5,27,28]. The adoption of these automation procedures has resulted in the high availability of human ADSCs, which could perhaps explain why many preclinical studies chose human ADSCs for transplantation in nonhuman animals such as rats and mice, thus, intentionally or unintentionally demonstrating ADSC's xenotransplantation potential (Tables 1 and 2).…”

“…Liposuction is a well-established clinical practice in human medicine, and processing the liposuction material into SVF can be done expeditiously with commercially available devices [5,27,28]. Therefore, the future application of ADSCs in human medicine will be conducted mostly, if not exclusively, in an autologous fashion.…”

“…These cells are multipotent and have been extensively investigated for their therapeutic capabilities in a wide variety of diseases including brain ischemia, cardiac infarction, osteoarthritis (OA), urinary incontinence, and erectile dysfunction [3][4][5]. While most of these clinical and preclinical trials utilized autologous MSCs, a significant number of studies have examined the feasibility of allogeneic or even xenogeneic MSC transplantation.…”

The Dose-Effect Safety Profile of Skeletal Muscle Precursor Cell Therapy in a Dog Model of Intrinsic Urinary Sphincter Deficiency

“…Additionally, a great majority of the preclinical studies have been relatively short term (up to 3 months) and were not able assess any long-term potential pathologic features. The adverse effects in clinical studies have focused on clinical events, including a worsening of symptoms or other urinary problems [16,18]. Obviously, they did not include reports of tissue pathology.…”

“…The cell types considered for use include bone marrow mesenchymal cells [11], adiposederived stem cells [12], and amniotic fluidderived stem cells [13]. The present study used skeletal muscle-derived precursor cells (skMPCs), shown in rodents, dogs, and nonhuman primates to directly integrate into the sphincter musculature and restore its volume and function, restoring somatic and adrenergic innervation and vasculature [14][15][16][17][18]. Although providing beneficial structural and functional efficacy, an important task is to test its safety at doses shown to improve sphincter structure and function [14].…”