Stem CO2 efflux of ten species in temperate forests in Northeastern China

Yang, Jinyan; Teskey, R. O.; Wang, C. K.

doi:10.1007/s00468-012-0698-3

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In conclusion, the stem CO 2 efflux increased with the temperature of the woody tissue, as many other studies have found (Teskey et al, 2008;Brito et al, 2010Brito et al, , 2013Yang et al, 2012). Thus, the stem CO 2 efflux increased according to the following series: winter, autumn, spring and summer.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

STEM AND SOIL CO2 Efflux Responses Of Pinus radiata PLANTATIONS TO TEMPERATURE, SEASON, AGE, TIME (DAY/NIGHT) AND FERTILIZATION

Bown

Watt²

2016

Cienc. Inv. Agr.

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H.E. Bown, and M.S. Watt. 2016. Stem and soil CO 2 efflux responses of Pinus radiata plantations to temperature, season, age, time (day/night) and fertilization. Cien. Inv. Agr. 43(1):95-109. Stem CO 2 efflux is a highly variable component of the carbon budget of forest ecosystems. It reflects the balance between the CO 2 respired by the living stem tissues, less the CO 2 dissolved in the xylem sap moving upward in the transpiration stream, plus the CO 2 transported from the roots and released at the stem. Although knowledge about such fluxes at different spatial and temporal scales has markedly increased, knowledge of the effects of silviculture treatments, such as fertilization, on stem CO 2 effluxes are still limited, particularly when connecting above-and belowground processes. Using measurements obtained from twin plots (one control, one fertilized) installed in five-, 12-and 23-year-old stands of Pinus radiata, the objective of this study was to examine the influence of the temperature, stand age, fertilization, season and time of measurement (day/night) on the stem CO 2 efflux, soil CO 2 efflux and their ratio. There was a strong significant positive relationship between the stem CO 2 efflux and temperature. The slope between these two variables declined as the stand age increased and was higher for nighttime than daytime measurements. The stem CO 2 efflux was higher in the fertilized plots compared with the unfertilized (control) plots for the 5-and 12-but not the 23-year-old age classes. In contrast, the soil CO 2 efflux was largely unaffected by the temperature, time of measurement (day/night), fertilization and stand age; however, significantly higher values of soil CO 2 efflux were measured during spring than during the other seasons. Given the relative invariance of the soil CO 2 efflux to the temperature and treatment effects, the ratio of the stem:soil CO 2 effluxes was affected by the same factors as the stem CO 2 effluxes. These results suggest that fertilization would increase wood production and wood CO 2 efflux without changing the soil CO 2 efflux, thus most likely proportionally increasing aboveground C partitioning and decrease belowground C partitioning, with this effect being enhanced at younger ages.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

STEM AND SOIL CO2 Efflux Responses Of Pinus radiata PLANTATIONS TO TEMPERATURE, SEASON, AGE, TIME (DAY/NIGHT) AND FERTILIZATION

Bown

Watt²

2016

Cienc. Inv. Agr.

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“…The Q 10 values of stem CO 2 efflux in the present study were similar to those reported for other species (Zha et al 2004;Yang et al 2012b;Rodríguez-Calcerrada et al 2014). However, we found that pruning does not alter the Q 10 values of stem CO 2 efflux, which was contrary to our third hypothesis.…”

Section: Temperature Responsesupporting

confidence: 90%

Different responses of stem and soil CO2 efflux to pruning in a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation

Yang

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2015

Trees

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Key message Pruning significantly reduced stem CO 2 efflux, but had little effect on soil CO 2 efflux and root respiration. Pruning did not alter temperature sensitivity of CO 2 efflux from stem and soil. Abstract Pruning is one of the common silvicultural practices for Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations to produce knot-free wood. However, little is known about the effects of pruning on stem and soil CO 2 efflux in Chinese fir plantations. In this study, we experimentally manipulated the canopy of Chinese fir by pruning the lower 50 % of the green crown length in a Chinese fir plantation. We monitored the effects of pruning on the stem and soil CO 2 efflux, stem radial growth, xylem sap flow, and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations. Our results showed that pruning resulted in the significant reduction of stem CO 2 efflux, particularly during the growing season. Despite the removal of the lower 50 % of the green crown length, we did not observe a pronounced reduction in soil CO 2 efflux and its components. Moreover, pruning had only little effect on sap flow. No significant difference was observed in the NSC concentrations between treatments in the stem cores and fine roots. We speculated that the different responses of stem and soil CO 2 efflux to pruning in the Chinese fir (sprouting species) plantation may have resulted from the different carbon allocations between aboveground and belowground tissues. However, further studies are required to confirm if our findings could be applied to other tree species or ecosystems.

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“…As our partial correlation analysis based on GPP and MAT could not fully explain the relationship of annual E S and R A , we suggest that CO 2 transport in the xylem should be considered as an additional source of CO 2 contributing to E S . Although such a mechanism has been mostly described in studies with short‐term measurement periods and in forests of a relatively young stand age, it was also implicated in one study of mature temperate forest stands (from 39 to 56 years old) (Yang et al ., ) and could be an additional factor contributing to the variation in E S and R A observed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Global patterns and predictors of stem CO₂ efflux in forest ecosystems

Yang

Aubrey

et al. 2016

Global Change Biology

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Stem CO2 efflux (ES) plays an important role in the carbon balance of forest ecosystems. However, its primary controls at the global scale are poorly understood and observation-based global estimates are lacking. We synthesized data from 121 published studies across global forest ecosystems and examined the relationships between annual ES and biotic and abiotic factors at individual, biome, and global scales, and developed a global gridded estimate of annual ES . We tested the following hypotheses: (1) Leaf area index (LAI) will be highly correlated with annual ES at biome and global scales; (2) there will be parallel patterns in stem and root CO2 effluxes (RA) in all forests; (3) annual ES will decline with forest age; and (4) LAI coupled with mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) will be sufficient to predict annual ES across forests in different regions. Positive linear relationships were found between ES and LAI, as well as gross primary production (GPP), net primary production (NPP), wood NPP, soil CO2 efflux (RS), and RA . Annual ES was correlated with RA in temperate forests after controlling for GPP and MAT, suggesting other additional factors contributed to the relationship. Annual ES tended to decrease with stand age. Leaf area index, MAT and MAP, predicted 74% of variation in ES at global scales. Our statistical model estimated a global annual ES of 6.7 ± 1.1 Pg C yr(-1) over the period of 2000-2012 with little interannual variability. Modeled mean annual ES was 71 ± 43, 270 ± 103, and 420 ± 134 g C m(2) yr(-1) for boreal, temperate, and tropical forests, respectively. We recommend that future studies report ES at a standardized constant temperature, incorporate more manipulative treatments, such as fertilization and drought, and whenever possible, simultaneously measure both aboveground and belowground CO2 fluxes.

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Stem CO2 efflux of ten species in temperate forests in Northeastern China

Cited by 24 publications

References 46 publications

STEM AND SOIL CO2 Efflux Responses Of Pinus radiata PLANTATIONS TO TEMPERATURE, SEASON, AGE, TIME (DAY/NIGHT) AND FERTILIZATION

STEM AND SOIL CO2 Efflux Responses Of Pinus radiata PLANTATIONS TO TEMPERATURE, SEASON, AGE, TIME (DAY/NIGHT) AND FERTILIZATION

Different responses of stem and soil CO2 efflux to pruning in a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation

Global patterns and predictors of stem CO₂ efflux in forest ecosystems

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Stem CO2 efflux of ten species in temperate forests in Northeastern China

Cited by 24 publications

References 46 publications

STEM AND SOIL CO2 Efflux Responses Of Pinus radiata PLANTATIONS TO TEMPERATURE, SEASON, AGE, TIME (DAY/NIGHT) AND FERTILIZATION

STEM AND SOIL CO2 Efflux Responses Of Pinus radiata PLANTATIONS TO TEMPERATURE, SEASON, AGE, TIME (DAY/NIGHT) AND FERTILIZATION

Different responses of stem and soil CO2 efflux to pruning in a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation

Global patterns and predictors of stem CO2 efflux in forest ecosystems

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Global patterns and predictors of stem CO₂ efflux in forest ecosystems