Stem Melanosis, a Disease of Spring Wheat Caused by<i>Pseudomonas Cichorii</i>

Piening, L. J.; MacPherson, D. J.

doi:10.1080/07060668509501496

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the Parklands of Alberta, Park wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on coarse textured Cu-deficient soils is highly susceptible to the disease stem melanosis caused by Pseudomonas cichorii (Piening and MacPherson, 1985). In a follow up study by Piening et al (1987), Park wheat had significantly less stem melanosis when Cu was added to the Cu-deficient soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of copper on stem melanosis and yield of wheat: Sources, rates and methods of application

Malhi¹,

Piening²,

MacPherson³

1989

Plant Soil

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Park wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Park) is susceptible to stem melanosis when grown on Cu-deficient soils. Three field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various Cu sources, using different methods and rates of application for reducing the incidence of stem melanosis and increasing the grain yield of Park wheat on a Cu-deficient Black Chernozemic soil in central Alberta. A fourth experiment determined the residual effect of Cu over 4 years. In the first experiment, Park wheat had less disease and higher grain yield when Cu-chelate solution at 2 and 4 kg Cu ha-~ or Cu-sulfate solution at 10 and 20 kg Cu ha-I was applied to the soil surface and incorporated to a depth of 8 cm or was applied at these rates as a foliar spray. The foliar application, however, was phytotoxic and delayed maturity by approximately two weeks. Sidebanding Cu (4 cm to the side and 4 cm below the seed row) was least effective. In the second experiment, Cu-sulfate solution incorporated into the soil was more effective than the soil incorporated granular Cu-sulfate in reducing disease incidence and increasing grain yield in the year of application. In the following year the granular Cu was as effective as solution Cu. The third experiment showed that Cu seed dressings did not have any effect on disease incidence or grain yield of Park wheat. In the fourth experiment, the residual effect of Cu-chelate was evident four years after application. The grain yield in the fourth year was about four times that of the control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of copper on stem melanosis and yield of wheat: Sources, rates and methods of application

Malhi¹,

Piening²,

MacPherson³

1989

Plant Soil

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“…The globular exudates of soluble carbohydrates from the stems of senescing Cu-deficient plants may also encourage the development of stem and head melanosis (Graham 1980). In the Canadian prairies, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell 'Park') grown on Cu-deficient soils was found highly susceptible to "stem melanosis" caused by Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle) Stapp (Piening and MacPherson 1985), and was effectively controlled by the application of Cu (Piening et al 1987;Malhi et al 1989;Tables 11 and 12). In a study with three cereals (wheat, barley and oats), wheat was the only cereal found to exhibit stem melanosis (Piening et al 1987).…”

Section: Interaction Of Copper With Othermentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of copper fertilizer management for optimum yield and quality of crops in the Canadian Prairie provinces

Malhi¹,

Karamanos²

2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. A review of copper fertilizer management for optimum yield and quality of crops in the Canadian Prairie Provinces. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 605-619. Deficiency of copper (Cu) in Canadian prairie soils is not widespread, but whenever it occurs it can cause a drastic reduction in seed yield and quality of most cereals, especially wheat. Field experiments conducted in western Canada indicated that broadcast-incorporation of granular Cu fertilizers prior to seeding at 3-5.6 kg Cu ha -1 was usually sufficient to prevent Cu deficiency in wheat, and improve seed yield and quality. At lower rates (< 2.0 kg Cu ha -1 ), broadcast-incorporation of granular Cu fertilizers was not effective, while surface spray-broadcast followed by incorporation of liquid Cu fertilizers was much more effective in increasing seed yield of wheat in the first year of application. Surface-broadcast without incorporation and seedrow-placed granular Cu fertilizers were much less effective in improving seed yield of wheat than their foliar or soil-incorporated applications. In the growing season, foliar applications of Cu at 0.20 to 0.28 kg Cu ha -1 to wheat at the Feekes 6 (first node of stem visible at base of shoot or stem elongation), Feekes 10 (sheath of last leaf completely grown or flag-leaf) and early boot growth stages were very effective in restoring seed yield, while Cu applications at the Feekes 2 (four-leaf) or Feekes 10.5 (complete heading) growth stage did not have a consistent effect to correct damage caused by Cu deficiency. Some Cu fertilizers (e.g., Cu oxide) were less effective than others in preventing/correcting Cu deficiency. Soil application at relatively high rates produced residual benefits in increasing seed yield for a number of years. The sensitivity of crops to Cu deficiency is usually in the order (wheat, flax, canary seed) > (barley, alfalfa) > (timothy seed, oats, corn) > (peas, clovers) > (canola, rye, forage grasses). Stem melanosis in wheat was associated with deficiency of Cu in soil, and the disease was reduced substantially with Cu application. A high level of available P in soil was observed to induce/increase severity of Cu deficiency in wheat. Soil analysis for diethylene triamine pentacetic acid-(DTPA) extractable Cu in soil can be used as a good diagnostic tool to predict Cu deficiency, but there was a poor relationship between total Cu concentration in shoots and the degree of Cu deficiency in crops. Application of Cu fertilizers to wheat on Cu-deficient soils also generally improved seed quality. La carence en cuivre (Cu) n'est pas très fréquente dans les Prairies canadiennes, mais là où elle existe, on note une baisse draconienne du rendement grainier et de la qualité de la plupart des céréales, particulièrement le blé. Des expériences sur le terrain effectuées dans l'ouest du Canada révèlent que l'épandage à la volée puis l'incorporation au sol d'un engrais de Cu granulaire avant les semis, à raison de 3 à 5,6 kg de Cu par hectare, suffit à prévenir une telle carence chez le blé, tout en améliorant l...

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“…Grain yield was obtained from 5 m of the two center rows of each plot and this sample was used to determine the thousand kernel-weight (TKW). Samples of melanotic tissues were collected for pathogen isolation and identification using the techniques described by Piening and MacPherson (1985).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle) Stapp, a pathogen of numerous plant species (Tsuchiya et al 1980), was found by Piening and MacPherson ( 1985) to be involved in a stem melanosis disease of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell cv. Park).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem Melanosis of Some Wheat, Barley, and Oat Cultivars on a Copper Deficient Soil

Piening

MacPherson

Malhi

1989

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Stem Melanosis, a Disease of Spring Wheat Caused byPseudomonas Cichorii

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of copper on stem melanosis and yield of wheat: Sources, rates and methods of application

Effect of copper on stem melanosis and yield of wheat: Sources, rates and methods of application

A review of copper fertilizer management for optimum yield and quality of crops in the Canadian Prairie provinces

Stem Melanosis of Some Wheat, Barley, and Oat Cultivars on a Copper Deficient Soil

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