Stem Melanosis of Some Wheat, Barley, and Oat Cultivars on a Copper Deficient Soil

Piening, L. J.; MacPherson, D. J.; Malhi, S. S.

doi:10.1080/07060668909501149

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The spikes (also called the ear or head) are bleached and the grains are shriveled [2]. Even though the epidemiology is not understood, high temperatures (29°C) and relative humidity are conducive for the spread of the pathogen; and the disease has, also, been associated with soils that are cooper-deficient [99,100]. There is no known management strategy for stem melanosis.…”

Section: Pseudomonas Cichorii the Causative Agent Of Wheat Stem Melan...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Pathogens of Wheat: Symptoms, Distribution, Identification, and Taxonomy

Tambong¹

2022

Wheat

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Bacterial pathogens are significant biotic factors of wheat, a globally important source of carbohydrates. The diseases caused by these pathogens are reported to reduce annual wheat production by about 10% and up to 40% in severe infections occurring early in the growth period. This chapter presents current information on the symptoms, distribution, identification, and taxonomy of key bacterial pathogens of wheat with a focus on the seed-borne bacterium, Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa, the causative agent of the leaf streak and black chaff disease. Other wheat-pathogenic bacterial pathogens addressed in the chapter are Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight; P. syringae pv. atrofaciens that cause the basal glume rot; Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, the causal agent of the bacterial brown sheath; Erwinia rhapontici, the causal agent of the pink seed of wheat; Pseudomonas cichorii, the causative agent of wheat stem melanosis; Clavibacter tessellarius is responsible for the bacterial mosaic of wheat as well as other minor bacterial pathogens. Finally, the chapter proposed the use of genome-based tools for the accurate identification and classification of bacterial pathogens of wheat.

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Section: Pseudomonas Cichorii the Causative Agent Of Wheat Stem Melan...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Pathogens of Wheat: Symptoms, Distribution, Identification, and Taxonomy

Tambong¹

2022

Wheat

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“…Similarly, Smilde and Henkens (1967) reported that sensitivity to Cu deficiency was generally greatest in wheat, lowest in oats and intermediate in barley. Furthermore, differences in Cu deficiency sensitivity have been reported among cultivars within the various cereal crops species (Nambiar 1976; Piening et al 1989;Solberg et al 1996). In some instances, these differences may be as great as the differences from one crop species to another (Nambiar 1976).…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Crop Species/cultivars Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of copper fertilizer management for optimum yield and quality of crops in the Canadian Prairie provinces

Malhi¹,

Karamanos²

2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. A review of copper fertilizer management for optimum yield and quality of crops in the Canadian Prairie Provinces. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 605-619. Deficiency of copper (Cu) in Canadian prairie soils is not widespread, but whenever it occurs it can cause a drastic reduction in seed yield and quality of most cereals, especially wheat. Field experiments conducted in western Canada indicated that broadcast-incorporation of granular Cu fertilizers prior to seeding at 3-5.6 kg Cu ha -1 was usually sufficient to prevent Cu deficiency in wheat, and improve seed yield and quality. At lower rates (< 2.0 kg Cu ha -1 ), broadcast-incorporation of granular Cu fertilizers was not effective, while surface spray-broadcast followed by incorporation of liquid Cu fertilizers was much more effective in increasing seed yield of wheat in the first year of application. Surface-broadcast without incorporation and seedrow-placed granular Cu fertilizers were much less effective in improving seed yield of wheat than their foliar or soil-incorporated applications. In the growing season, foliar applications of Cu at 0.20 to 0.28 kg Cu ha -1 to wheat at the Feekes 6 (first node of stem visible at base of shoot or stem elongation), Feekes 10 (sheath of last leaf completely grown or flag-leaf) and early boot growth stages were very effective in restoring seed yield, while Cu applications at the Feekes 2 (four-leaf) or Feekes 10.5 (complete heading) growth stage did not have a consistent effect to correct damage caused by Cu deficiency. Some Cu fertilizers (e.g., Cu oxide) were less effective than others in preventing/correcting Cu deficiency. Soil application at relatively high rates produced residual benefits in increasing seed yield for a number of years. The sensitivity of crops to Cu deficiency is usually in the order (wheat, flax, canary seed) > (barley, alfalfa) > (timothy seed, oats, corn) > (peas, clovers) > (canola, rye, forage grasses). Stem melanosis in wheat was associated with deficiency of Cu in soil, and the disease was reduced substantially with Cu application. A high level of available P in soil was observed to induce/increase severity of Cu deficiency in wheat. Soil analysis for diethylene triamine pentacetic acid-(DTPA) extractable Cu in soil can be used as a good diagnostic tool to predict Cu deficiency, but there was a poor relationship between total Cu concentration in shoots and the degree of Cu deficiency in crops. Application of Cu fertilizers to wheat on Cu-deficient soils also generally improved seed quality. La carence en cuivre (Cu) n'est pas très fréquente dans les Prairies canadiennes, mais là où elle existe, on note une baisse draconienne du rendement grainier et de la qualité de la plupart des céréales, particulièrement le blé. Des expériences sur le terrain effectuées dans l'ouest du Canada révèlent que l'épandage à la volée puis l'incorporation au sol d'un engrais de Cu granulaire avant les semis, à raison de 3 à 5,6 kg de Cu par hectare, suffit à prévenir une telle carence chez le blé, tout en améliorant l...

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“…Les re´sultats montrent aussi qu'en trempant les graines dans de l'EDTA-Cu peu concentre´, on peut pre´venir la carence du ble´en Cu et augmenter son rendement grainier, mais moins que les autres traitements au Cu. Il est possible de minimiser l'accumulation et le mouvement vers le bas du N-nitrate re´siduel dans le sol en pre´venant la carence en Cu dans le ble´par l'application combine´e d'engrais Cu et N. Deficiency of Cu is not widespread in Saskatchewan or any other prairie province, but it can cause a considerable reduction in seed yield and quality of wheat when it occurs (Karamanos et al 1986Malhi et al 1989;Piening et al 1989). Wheat is one of the cereals most sensitive to Cu deficiency (McAndrew et al 1984;Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development 1995;Solberg et al 1996), and Cu deficiency is often associated with coarse-textured soils (Kruger et al 1985).…”

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Effectiveness of seed-soaked Cu, autumn- versus spring-applied Cu, and Cu-treated P fertilizer on seed yield of wheat and residual nitrate-N for a Cu-deficient soil

Malhi¹

2009

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Malhi, S. S. 2009. Effectiveness of seed-soaked Cu, autumn-versus spring-applied Cu, and Cu-treated P fertilizer on seed yield of wheat and residual nitrate-N for a Cu-deficient soil. Can. J. Plant Sci. 89: 1017Á1030. Three field experiments were conducted from 2005 to 2007 to determine the effects of seed-soaking in Cu EDTA liquid, autumn versus spring application of granular Cu sulphate, and granular Cu-treated monoammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizer on seed yield and Cu uptake of wheat, and residual nitrate-N in the soil profile on a Cu-deficient Dark Gray Luvisol (Boralf) sandy loam near Porcupine Plain, Saskatchewan, Canada. In exp. 1, seed soaked in Cu EDTA liquid at 0.04 to 0.16 kg Cu ha(1 increased seed yield substantially, in spite of a significant reduction in plant emergence in most cases. But, seed yield increases from the seed soaked in Cu EDTA liquid were lower compared with foliar-applied Cu EDTA liquid at 0.50 to 1.00 kg Cu ha(1 , or compared with surface spray-broadcast and incorporation of Cu EDTA liquid into soil in spring prior to seeding at 4.0 kg Cu ha (1 . Seed yield trend was two foliar applications of Cu EDTA liquid soil surface spraybroadcast and incorporated Cu EDTA liquid one foliar application of Cu EDTA liquid seed-soaked Cu EDTA liquid. In exp. 2, for granular Cu sulphate in the first year, only previous autumn application increased seed yield significantly when applied at 4.0 kg ha ( 1 . For spring application, seed yield was highest when solution Cu EDTA at 4.0 kg ha(1 was spray-broadcast on the soil surface and incorporated into soil prior to seeding. In exp. 3, application of granular Cu-treated MAP fertilizer had no significant effect on seed yield. The Cu uptake by seed usually followed'the same trends as seed yield. In all experiments, the partial factor productivity (seed yield per unit of nutrient applied) was much higher when N was applied in combination with Cu (15.3 to 29.8 kg seed kg( 1 applied N ha(1 ) compared with N alone (5.7 to 7.7 kg seed kg(1 applied N ha(1 ). In exp. 1, the amounts of residual nitrate-N in the 0Á90 cm soil profile after three annual N fertilizer applications were 3.3 to 4.0 times higher in the zero-Cu control than in the Cu fertilizer treatments. Overall, seed yields of wheat were highest with two foliar applications of Cu at low rates, or with soil spray/broadcast and incorporation of solution Cu in spring at a relatively high rate, which is also expected to have long-term residual effects on crop yield. For granular Cu sulphate, the results indicated that deficiency of Cu in wheat can be corrected by surface-broadcast application at a relatively high rate in the previous autumn, followed by its incorporation into soil in the spring at seeding. The results also indicate that by soaking wheat seed in Cu EDTA solution at a very low rate, Cu deficiency in wheat can be prevented and seed yield increased, but less than the other Cu treatments. Accumulation and downward movement of residual nitrate-N in the soil profile can be minimized by preventin...

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Stem Melanosis of Some Wheat, Barley, and Oat Cultivars on a Copper Deficient Soil

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Bacterial Pathogens of Wheat: Symptoms, Distribution, Identification, and Taxonomy

Bacterial Pathogens of Wheat: Symptoms, Distribution, Identification, and Taxonomy

A review of copper fertilizer management for optimum yield and quality of crops in the Canadian Prairie provinces

Effectiveness of seed-soaked Cu, autumn- versus spring-applied Cu, and Cu-treated P fertilizer on seed yield of wheat and residual nitrate-N for a Cu-deficient soil

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