Stereo three-dimensional particle image velocimetry measurement and aerodynamic force analysis of non-spinning soccer balls

Hiratsuka, Masaki; Ito, Shinichiro; Miyasaka, Keita; Konno, Akihisa

doi:10.1177/1754337119898355

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Synchronized measurements of the lateral force and the wake vortex using 3D-PIV (three-dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry) showed that, the jet was the cause of the lateral force. The direction and flow rate of the formed jet coincided with the lateral force applied to the ball [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Visualization of the flow is one of the most effective methods to elucidate the mechanism of the drag and lateral forces applied to the ball. Besides the previous visualization measurements on the jet flow [4][5][6], Hong et al [19,20] reported that the position of flow detachment varied with the location of the ball panel grooves, the number of seams, and the spacing of the grooves, using the 2D particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement. Visualization measurements of flow using smoke wire reported that the flow separation position moved back further for balls with larger surface roughness than balls with smaller surface roughness [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Soccer Ball Panels on Aerodynamic Characteristics and Flow in Drag Crisis

2020

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The panel patterns of soccer balls that change with each World Cup have a significant impact on the balls’ aerodynamic and flight characteristics. In this study, the aerodynamic forces of eleven types of soccer ball with different panel patterns were measured in a wind tunnel experiment. We characterized the panel shapes of soccer balls by the length, cross-sectional area, and the panel grooves’ volume. The results confirmed that the drag and drag crisis characteristics are dependent on the groove length and volumes. Flow separation points were visualized by an oil film experiment and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement to understand the drag crisis of the soccer balls. The results showed that the panel shape of the ball significantly changes the position of the separation point near the critical region, where the drags crisis occurs. In the critical region, laminar and turbulent flows coexist on the ball. On the other hand, the effect of panel shape on the separation point position is small in subcritical and supercritical states.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Soccer Ball Panels on Aerodynamic Characteristics and Flow in Drag Crisis

2020

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“…In the floater serve, the ball is hit with no or low rotation, which causes an irregular change in the trajectory of the ball. This irregular change in trajectory has been reported to be caused by the fluid forces generated by the three-dimensional twin vortices formed behind the ball [3,4]. The irregular changes in the position of the twin vortices cause irregular changes in the trajectory of the ball.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Serve Ball Trajectory Characteristics of Different Volleyballs and Their Causes

2021

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A floater serve in volleyball is a technique of serving a non-rotating or low-rotating ball, which is difficult to return because the flight path of the ball changes irregularly. On the other hand, the randomness of the trajectory makes it difficult for the ball to fall on the target. Players are required to serve taking into account the variability of the trajectory. In previous studies using wind tunnels, it was shown that aerodynamic characteristics such as drag force and lateral force applied to the ball vary depending on the type of ball and the orientation of the panel. Therefore, in order to control the flight trajectory, it is necessary to understand the aerodynamic characteristics of each ball. Since the velocity of the ball and the fluid force applied to the ball changes during flight, it is important to measure not only the fluid force at a steady state in the wind tunnel but also the actual flight distance of the ball. In this study, to provide valuable information for precise control of floater serves, we measured the drag force applied to the ball in a wind tunnel and the flight distance of the ball using an ejection machine, and clarified the effects of the type of ball and the panel face. In the drag force measurement, the drag force on three types of balls, V200W, MVA200, and FLISTATEC, was measured in the wind speed range of 4 m/s to 30 m/s. In the ejection measurement, the ball flight distances were measured while changing the orientation of the panel using an ejection machine. Basically, the FLISTATEC, MVA200, and V200W, in that order, were more likely to increase the distance and the variability, but it was shown that the drop point could be adjusted slightly by selecting the panel face. This result was also obtained when a human player actually served the ball, indicating the tactical importance of the player consciously controlling the direction of the panel. The tactical importance of the player’s conscious control of the direction of the panel was demonstrated. We also proposed receiver positions that would be effective based on the characteristics of each ball.

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Effect of surface design on drag properties of soccer balls

Tada

Hiratsuka

Ito

et al. 2023

Transactions of the JSME (In Japanese)

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The paper describes the critical Reynolds number of soccer balls as a function of the total groove volume on the ball surface. In this study, the aerodynamic drag and separation point of 6 soccer balls with different panel orientations were measured in a wind tunnel. Moreover, the total volume of grooves on the ball's surface was measured by One shot 3D measuring machine. It was found that the drag coefficient in the supercritical region and the critical Reynolds number depend on the design of the ball surface (shape, number of panels, surface roughness). A negative correlation exists between the total groove volume on the surface and the critical Reynolds number. When the total groove volume is large, the drag in the supercritical region increases. The position of the separation point does not change in the subcritical and supercritical regions even if the orientation of the panel is changed. However, when the groove width is wider, the panel orientation dependence becomes significant in the supercritical region. In the transition region, the position of the separation point differs depending on the panel's orientation.

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Stereo three-dimensional particle image velocimetry measurement and aerodynamic force analysis of non-spinning soccer balls

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of Soccer Ball Panels on Aerodynamic Characteristics and Flow in Drag Crisis

Effect of Soccer Ball Panels on Aerodynamic Characteristics and Flow in Drag Crisis

Serve Ball Trajectory Characteristics of Different Volleyballs and Their Causes

Effect of surface design on drag properties of soccer balls

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