Stereochemical and structural characteristics of single- and double-site Pd(II)–N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: Promising catalysts in organic syntheses ranging from CC coupling to olefin polymerizations

Geometry Constrained N-(5,6,7-Trihydroquinolin-8-ylidene)arylaminopalladium Dichloride Complexes: Catalytic Behavior toward Methyl Acrylate (MA), Methyl Acrylate-co-Norbornene (MA-co-NB) Polymerization and Heck Coupling

“…According to the results as mentioned in Table 3, Pd4 like Pd5 exhibited excellent conversion (93%) and high ToF value (Run 14, Table 3). In contrast, PdCl 2 and Pd(OAc) 2 showed only 22% and 41% conversion, respectively, albeit at higher catalyst loading, illustrating the role of the ligand in the catalytic efficiency (Runs 15 and 16, Table 3). Complexes Pd4 and Pd5 have additional methyl groups on the para-position, which showed a detrimental effect that led to a slightly lower conversion rate as compared to analogous complexes [48].…”

“…The abundant chemistry of palladium-based complex catalysts has attracted considerable attention, particularly in the field of C-C bond formation, C-H functionalization, hydrocarbon oxidation, as well as radical insertion and addition reaction in polymerization, indicating that palladium is one of the most catalytically versatile transition metals [1][2][3].…”

The synthesis, characterization, and catalytic properties of ($\kappa ^{2}-C,N)$-palladacycles with N-heterocyclic carbene-based ancillary ligands

“…According to the 13 C NMR spectrum, the diagnostic Pd-NC N (3a-c) resonances appeared as singlets between δ 174.1 and 174.3 ppm. 13 C chemical shifts provide a useful diagnostic tool for this type of metal carbene complexes.…”

“…In addition, NHC ligated palladacycles were investigated for their catalytic activity for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of organic halides with phenylboronic acid. All complexes were fully characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and elemental analysis.…”

“…Furthermore, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have attracted increasing interest as ancillary ligands, leading to many applications in the field of transition metal catalysis such as Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, 13 transfer hydrogenation, 14 olefin metathesis, 15 and hydrosilylation. 16 Actually, palladacyclic complexes have found applications in a broad range of C-C cross-coupling reactions, while palladacycles complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands have received less attention.…”