The synthesis and photochemistry of a series of new
rhodium complexes of 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane,
(CH2CHSiMe2)2O, and its
disilazane analogue
(CH2CHSiMe2)2NH are reported. The divinyldisiloxane or divinyldisilazane ligands
in
(η5-C5R5)Rh[η4-(CH2CHSiMe2)2X] (R = H, Me; X
= O, NH; type 1 complexes) are coordinated through
the
vinyl groups as for a diene. The structure of
(η5-C5Me5)Rh[η4-(CH2CHSiMe2)2O]
was
established crystallographically. The two coordinated double bonds
are arranged with their
Si substitutents in a cis orientation with respect to the
metal. The strain in the structure
is suggested by the scissor geometry of the vinyl CC bonds relative
to the C5 plane of the
ring, combined with unequal Rh-C and CC bond lengths.
Photolysis of
(η5-C5R5)Rh(C2H4)2
(R = H, Me) in the presence of
(CH2CHSiMe2)2X (X = O, NH)
results in the formation of
the complexes of type 1, together with an isomer in which
the substituents on the coordinated
CC bonds are oriented trans at rhodium (2) and
species containing two dangling
divinyldisiloxane ligands,
(η5-C5R5)Rh[η2-(CH2CHSiMe2)2X]2,
in both cis and trans configurations. Direct irradiation of species of type 1
converts them to the photoisomer 2. The
16-electron intermediate with one η2-divinyldisiloxane
ligand may be trapped by addition
of CH2CHSiMe3 or excess
(CH2CHSiMe2)2X (X = O, NH).
The isomerization of type 2
species to type 1 species proceeds by first-order kinetics.
For
trans-(η5-C5H5)Rh[η4-(CH2CHSiMe2)2O] (2a)
the values of ΔH
⧧ and
ΔS
⧧ are 114 ± 1 kJ
mol-1 and 41 ± 4 J
mol-1
K-1, consistent with rate-determining
dissociation of one double bond. Replacement of
C5H5
by C5Me5 increases
H
⧧ by 9 ± 2 kJ
mol-1. The assignment of the
photoisomers 2 as the
trans species is supported by further observations that (i)
a mixture of 1 and 2 can be
synthesized by hydrolysis of chlorovinylsilane precursors
(η5-C5H5)Rh(η2-CH2CHSiMe2Cl)2,
a method which generates the Si−O−Si linkage in situ, (ii) the
conformationally locked
species with a cyclic trivinyltrimethyltrisiloxane ligand,
(η5-C5H5)Rh[η4-(CH2CHSi(Me)O)3],
does not undergo photoisomerization, and (iii) the species with the
Si−O−Si linkage replaced
by a C−O−Si linkage
(η5-C5H5)Rh[η4-(CH2CMe)CH2OSiMe2(CHCH2)]
also fails to undergo
photoisomerization. These complexes represent the first examples
of adoption of a trans
configuration at a metal by η4-divinyldisiloxane ligands
and the first examples of this type
of isomerization.