Stereological study and analysis of oxidative stress during renal aging in rats

Influence of oxidative, carbonyl, and nitrosative stresses on the course of chronic kidney disease (analytical review)

“…Mitochondrial damage is a sign of several aging phenotypes, while the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA deletions induces primary mitochondrial damage by accelerating aging. Mitochondrial AOP has a positive effect on life expectancy and mitigates the changes associated with aging [3][4][5][6][7][8].ROS are constantly formed in the oxidation process the main source of which is oxidoreductase and autooxidation of low molecular weight substances such as catecholamines [9].ROS include radicals such as superoxide anion (O 2•-), hydroxyl radical (HO • ), nitric oxide (NO • ), etc., and nonradical molecules with high reactivity: hydrogen pero xide (H 2 O 2 ), singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), ozone (O 3 ), hypohaloids (HOCl, HOCI, HOBr, HOI, HOSCN), and others (Table 1). These are small molecules that have high reactivity due to the presence of an unpaired electron at the external electronic level [1,2,10,11].The primary oxidant is oxygen [11].…”

“…Mitochondrial damage is a sign of several aging phenotypes, while the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA deletions induces primary mitochondrial damage by accelerating aging. Mitochondrial AOP has a positive effect on life expectancy and mitigates the changes associated with aging [3][4][5][6][7][8].…”