Stereoscopic depth but not shape perception from second-order stimuli

Ziegler, Lynn R.; Hess, Robert F.

doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00224-7

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The striking similarity between the depth perception and the disparity-energy model suggests that one of the two mechanisms mediate disparity-energy signals. Others have reported another form of dissociation in stereo processing (Ziegler & Hess, 1999), but their interpretation contrasts with ours. They suggest that the mechanism detects features in the monocular image prior to binocular combination.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Disparity-energy signals in perceived stereoscopic depth

2008

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Stereopsis, the ability to sense the world in three dimensions (3D) from pairs of retinal images, functions when both images have corresponding elements. When observers view stereograms lacking a global match, they do not perceive 3D structure, whereas several cortical areas encode stereoscopic depth in the disparity energy. Whether these neural representations are exploited or ignored in perceptual decisions remains elusive. By combining contrast-reversal and delay between stereo images, we found that disparity-energy signals mediate the reversal of stereoscopic depth judgments. A crisp, adjacent plane of reference was crucial for the signal to be used in the judgments. Disparity discrimination relies on the disparity-energy signal when the stimulus has no global binocular match and is accompanied by a fixed surface of reference.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Disparity-energy signals in perceived stereoscopic depth

2008

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“…This would reflect the inability of the second-order channel to reliably signal depth other than in stimuli with very simple spatial variations in surface layout. 42 Reversed depth perception is not routinely found in centrally presented targets 5,19 however, our results are consistent with a recent paper 59 that found reversed perception of ACRDS in the periphery. Zhaoping and Ackermann (2018) 59 account for their findings through reduced (or absent) feedback connections in the periphery, resulting in a reduction of verification for stimulus features (see Zhaoping (2017) 59 for a detailed discussion of the feedforward-feedback-verify-weight network model).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Sensitivity to depth from second-order stimuli is much poorer than that for first-order stimuli, 41 and allows simple depth judgements to made, but not the perception of 3D shape. 42 Second-order mechanisms will also provide disparity-tuned responses to reversed polarity stimuli, because the rectifying nonlinearity captures the magnitude, but not the contrast polarity, of luminance variations. An important distinction between first-and second-order channels is that the latter will signal depth in the forward, rather than reversed, direction.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

First- and second-order contributions to depth perception in anti-correlated random dot stereograms

Asher

Hibbard

2018

Preprint

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The binocular energy model of neural responses predicts that depth from binocular disparity might be perceived in the reversed direction when the contrast of dots presented to one eye is reversed. While reversed depth has been found using anti-correlated random-dot stereogram (ACRDS) the findings are inconsistent across studies. The mixed findings may be accounted for by the presence of a gap between the target and surround, or as a result of overlap of dots around the vertical edges of the stimuli. To test this, we assessed whether (1) the gap size (0, 19.2 or 38.4 arc min) (2) the correlation of dots or (3) the border orientation (circular target, or horizontal or vertical edge) affected the perception of depth. Reversed depth from ACRDS (circular no-gap condition) was seen by a minority of participants, but this effect reduced as the gap size increased. Depth was mostly perceived in the correct direction for ACRDS edge stimuli, with the effect increasing with the gap size. The inconsistency across conditions can be accounted for by the relative reliability of first-and second-order depth detection mechanisms, and the coarse spatial resolution of the latter.

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“…This suggests that a second-order mechanism is involved. Behavioral evidence for second-order stereo-depth mechanism has been shown in a number of studies (Zeigler and Hess, 1999; Hess and Wilcox, 2008). Stereoscopic depth perception can even be obtained with dichoptically mixed first- and second-order stimuli (Edwards et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Stereoscopic depth perception during binocular rivalry

Andrews

Holmes²

2011

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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When we view nearby objects, we generate appreciably different retinal images in each eye. Despite this, the visual system can combine these different images to generate a unified view that is distinct from the perception generated from either eye alone (stereopsis). However, there are occasions when the images in the two eyes are too disparate to fuse. Instead, they alternate in perceptual dominance, with the image from one eye being completely excluded from awareness (binocular rivalry). It has been thought that binocular rivalry is the default outcome when binocular fusion is not possible. However, other studies have reported that stereopsis and binocular rivalry can coexist. The aim of this study was to address whether a monocular stimulus that is reported to be suppressed from awareness can continue to contribute to the perception of stereoscopic depth. Our results showed that stereoscopic depth perception was still evident when incompatible monocular images differing in spatial frequency, orientation, spatial phase, or direction of motion engage in binocular rivalry. These results demonstrate a range of conditions in which binocular rivalry and stereopsis can coexist.

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Stereoscopic depth but not shape perception from second-order stimuli

Cited by 28 publications

References 33 publications

Disparity-energy signals in perceived stereoscopic depth

Disparity-energy signals in perceived stereoscopic depth

First- and second-order contributions to depth perception in anti-correlated random dot stereograms

Stereoscopic depth perception during binocular rivalry

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