Stereoscopic Offset Makes Objects Easier to Recognize

Caziot, Baptiste; Backus, Benjamin T.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129101

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…A number of studies have demonstrated similarities between 2D and depth effects, such as response priming that is seen for 2D locations (Posner, 1980) also seen for depth (Atchley, Kramer, Andersen, & Theeuwes, 1997; Downing & Pinker, 1985; Finlayson, Remington, Retell, & Grove, 2013; Nakayama & Silverman, 1986), and other findings showing depth as advantageous for object recognition (Caziot & Backus, 2015). On the other hand, several studies have suggested that although depth may play an important role in the visual system, the perceptual and attention effects of depth are weaker or delayed compared to those effects seen for 2D space (Finlayson et al, 2013; Gilinsky, 1951; Kasai, Morotomi, Katayama, & Kumada, 2003; Loomis et al, 2008; Moore, Hein, Grosjean, & Rinkenauer, 2009).…”

Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feature-location binding in 3D: Feature judgments are biased by 2D location but not position-in-depth

Finlayson

Golomb

2016

Vision Research

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A fundamental aspect of human visual perception is the ability to recognize and locate objects in the environment. Importantly, our environment is predominantly three-dimensional (3D), but while there is considerable research exploring the binding of object features and location, it is unknown how depth information interacts with features in the object binding process. A recent paradigm called the spatial congruency bias demonstrated that 2D location is fundamentally bound to object features (Golomb, Kupitz, & Thiemann, 2014), such that irrelevant location information biases judgments of object features, but irrelevant feature information does not bias judgments of location or other features. Here, using the spatial congruency bias paradigm, we asked whether depth is processed as another type of location, or more like other features. We initially found that depth cued by binocular disparity biased judgments of object color. However, this result seemed to be driven more by the disparity differences than the depth percept: Depth cued by occlusion and size did not bias color judgments, whereas vertical disparity information (with no depth percept) did bias color judgments. Our results suggest that despite the 3D nature of our visual environment, only 2D location information – not position-in-depth – seems to be automatically bound to object features, with depth information processed more similarly to other features than to 2D location.

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Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feature-location binding in 3D: Feature judgments are biased by 2D location but not position-in-depth

Finlayson

Golomb

2016

Vision Research

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“…However, the most precise cue is usually the stereoscopic cue that arises from the difference of viewpoints between the two eyes (Howard & Rogers, 2012a ; Wheatstone, 1838 ). Interestingly, at least 4% of the population is totally blind to this stereoscopic cue (Patterson & Fox, 1984 ) and is functionally impaired because of this lack (Caziot & Backus, 2015 ; McKee & Taylor, 2010 ). Given the critical role of stereoscopic vision in depth perception, it is important to understand the mechanisms behind binocular depth vision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The absolute disparity anomaly and the mechanism of relative disparities

et al. 2016

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There has been a long-standing debate about the mechanisms underlying the perception of stereoscopic depth and the computation of the relative disparities that it relies on. Relative disparities between visual objects could be computed in two ways: (a) using the difference in the object's absolute disparities (Hypothesis 1) or (b) using relative disparities based on the differences in the monocular separations between objects (Hypothesis 2). To differentiate between these hypotheses, we measured stereoscopic discrimination thresholds for lines with different absolute and relative disparities. Participants were asked to judge the depth of two lines presented at the same distance from the fixation plane (absolute disparity) or the depth between two lines presented at different distances (relative disparity). We used a single stimulus method involving a unique memory component for both conditions, and no extraneous references were available. We also measured vergence noise using Nonius lines. Stereo thresholds were substantially worse for absolute disparities than for relative disparities, and the difference could not be explained by vergence noise. We attribute this difference to an absence of conscious readout of absolute disparities, termed the absolute disparity anomaly. We further show that the pattern of correlations between vergence noise and absolute and relative disparity acuities can be explained jointly by the existence of the absolute disparity anomaly and by the assumption that relative disparity information is computed from absolute disparities (Hypothesis 1).

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“…Twenty-nine participants took part in Experiment 1 (age range 1 8-34, 23 females), and 31 participants to Experiment 2 (age range 1 9-35, 26 females). All participants reported having normal or corrected-to-normal vision, and reported that they did not have deficits in stereo vision (e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the major benefits of this is stereopsis: integration of the slightly different viewpoints of the two eyes (binocular disparity) results in tangible subjective sensation of three-dimensional visual space, and accurate coding of depth 2,3,4. Binocular disparity improves eye-hand coordination 5,6,7, and visual recognition of singular items when simple stimulus displays are used 8,9,10,11. Whether disparity also improves the segmentation of objects from background in naturalistic settings where multiple objects are present remains open 12.…”

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confidence: 99%

Binocular disparity can augment the capacity of vision without affecting subjective experience of depth

Railo

Saastamoinen

Kylmala

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Binocular disparity results in a tangible subjective experience of three-dimensional world, but whether disparity also augments objective perceptual performance remains debated. We hypothesized that the improved coding of depth enabled by binocular disparity allows participants to individuate more object at a glance as the objects can be more efficiently differentiated from each other and the background. We asked participants to enumerate objects in briefly presented naturalistic (Experiment 1) and artificial (Experiment 2) scenes in immersive virtual reality. This type of enumeration task yields well-documented capacity limits where up to 3-4 items can be enumerated rapidly and accurately, known as subitizing. Our results show that although binocular disparity did not yield a large general improvement in enumeration accuracy or reaction times, it improved participants’ ability to process the items right after the limit of perceptual capacity. Binocular disparity also sped-up response times by 27 ms on average when artificial stimuli (cubes) were used. Interestingly, the influence of disparity on subjectively experienced depth revealed a clearly different pattern than the influence of disparity on objective performance. This suggests that the functional and subjective sides of stereopsis can be dissociated. Altogether our results suggest that binocular disparity may increase the number of items the visual system can simultaneously process. This may help animals to better resolve and track objects in complex, cluttered visual environments.

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Stereoscopic Offset Makes Objects Easier to Recognize

Cited by 22 publications

References 43 publications

Feature-location binding in 3D: Feature judgments are biased by 2D location but not position-in-depth

Feature-location binding in 3D: Feature judgments are biased by 2D location but not position-in-depth

The absolute disparity anomaly and the mechanism of relative disparities

Binocular disparity can augment the capacity of vision without affecting subjective experience of depth

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