Stereotypical Hate Crimes and Criminal Justice Processing: A Multi-Dataset Comparison of Bias Crime Arrest Patterns by Offender and Victim Race

Lantz, Brendan; Gladfelter, Andrew S.; Ruback, R. Barry

doi:10.1080/07418825.2017.1399211

Cited by 62 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…First, police officers and prosecutors both employ the use of schema and stereotypes to make decisions, and IPV among the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) population may not fit such schema (Hassouneh & Glass, 2008;Turrell, 2000). Prior research has indicated, for example, that whether an incident fits stereotypical conceptions of a crime impacts the decision to arrest and prosecute cases (e.g., Lantz et al, 2019); the same may be true for same-sex IPV. More specifically, perceptions of IPV are likely guided by traditional gender roles which generally hold that men are assertive and dominant, while women are nurturing, nice, submissive, and deferential to men (Connell, 1995;Mahalik et al, 2003Mahalik et al, , 2005.…”

Section: Prior Research On Same-sex Ipvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Victim, Police, and Prosecutorial Responses to Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence: A Comparative Approach

Lantz

2019

Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice

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Research on intimate partner violence (IPV) and the criminal justice response to such incidents is extensive, but the majority of this research has focused on IPV perpetrated by men against women in heterosexual partnerships. Yet, recent research has indicated that the prevalence of IPV among LGB (lesbian, gay, and bisexual) individuals may be as high as or higher than that of the general population. At the same time, a significant body of research has examined police and prosecutorial responses to IPV; again, the overwhelming majority of this research has also focused on heterosexual partners. Following this, the current research uses National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data to create dyads of both opposite-sex (i.e., male–female and female–male) and same-sex partners (i.e., male–male and female–female) to investigate the joint relationship between sex, sexual orientation, and three different criminal justice outcomes: victim refusal to cooperate with police, police decision to arrest, and the prosecutorial decision to deny a case.

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Section: Prior Research On Same-sex Ipvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Victim, Police, and Prosecutorial Responses to Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence: A Comparative Approach

Lantz

2019

Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice

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“…It is also not uncommon for police officers to consider racist violence and intimidation as insignificant or simply 'yobbish', or to associate victim claims with 'ulterior motives' such as seeking additional benefits (Bowling, 1999). Recent analyses have also shown that hate crimes overall are less likely to attract police attention and to result in arrest or clearance compared to non-bias crimes (Lantz, Gladfelter, & Ruback, 2019).…”

Section: Hate Crimes and The Promise Of Inclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Inappropriate but not crime’? Policing racial hatred in Sweden

Atak

2020

Nordic Journal of Criminology

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Racial bias afflicts police practices across the globe. Police discrimination against and mistreatment of racial and ethnic minorities is indeed difficult to underestimate. While much attention has been thus paid to racially biased policing, fewer studies examine the question from the reverse angle, namely how the police themselves combat racist offences. This article offers empirical insights into the policing of racial hatred in Sweden, a relevant yet relatively understudied case. Drawing on interviews with police officers and crime investigators, I discuss law enforcement perspectives, e.g. perceptions and reasoning in relation to the investigation of racist offences. Findings evince a rather narrow approach as regards the constructions of racist motive that involves a relatively restricted use of bias labelling in identifying hate incidents, especially when the boundaries of racial hostility are perceived as blurred. I argue that while such an approach may reflect a legitimate effort to demonstrate the existence of a motive behind an offence, it may also lead to an underestimation of more mundane forms of racism and their harms inflicted upon racialized individuals and communities. The results have implications for 'recognition' and 'belonging' as benchmarks of democratic policing, and 'the promise of inclusion' associated with combatting hate crimes.

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“…Furthermore, there are long-standing issues with hate crime data as hate crime is underreported and underinvestigated and there exists differential compliance with hate crime reporting across departments, cities, and states (King 2007; King, Messner, and Baller 2009). Studies show that when police receive reports of hate crime victimization, they are less likely to take further police action and clear the report with an arrest (Lantz, Gladfelter, and Ruback 2019; Lyons and Roberts 2014) compared to crimes not motivated by bias. Lyons and Roberts (2014:284) suggest the difficulties associated with investigating hate crimes may encourage police “to focus on “normal” incidents that they or the larger community deem most worthy of investigational effort.” Research also demonstrates that people are more likely to view certain hate crimes as more serious if they are committed against minorities (Lyons 2008) and that police are more likely to clear hate crimes if they involve interracial victimizations with White offenders and non-White victims (Lantz et al 2019; Lyons and Roberts 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Common Target: Anti-Jewish Hate Crime in New York City Communities, 1995-2010

Mills

2020

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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Objectives: There is a growing body of macro-level studies examining hate crime. These studies however largely focus on ethnoracial hate crime, leading to a relative dearth of research investigating the etiology of anti-Jewish hate crime. The current study seeks to fill this gap by conducting a community-level analysis of anti-Jewish hate crime in New York City. Methods: Using data from the New York Police Department’s Hate Crimes Task Force, the current study employs a series of negative binomial regressions to investigate the impact of defended neighborhoods, social disorganization, and strain variables on anti-Jewish hate crime. Results: The results show that defended neighborhoods consistently predict higher levels of anti-Jewish hate crime in White, Black, and non-White neighborhoods even when accounting for social disorganization and strain variables. Results also demonstrate that anti-Jewish crime occurs in communities that are more socially organized and with better economic conditions. Conclusions: This study’s findings reveal Jewish victims to be a catchall target when a minority group increasingly moves into a majority area. These defended neighborhoods, and other findings have intriguing implications for both criminology’s social disorganization theory and the police and others charged with combatting bias crimes.

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Stereotypical Hate Crimes and Criminal Justice Processing: A Multi-Dataset Comparison of Bias Crime Arrest Patterns by Offender and Victim Race

Cited by 62 publications

References 70 publications

Victim, Police, and Prosecutorial Responses to Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence: A Comparative Approach

Victim, Police, and Prosecutorial Responses to Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence: A Comparative Approach

‘Inappropriate but not crime’? Policing racial hatred in Sweden

A Common Target: Anti-Jewish Hate Crime in New York City Communities, 1995-2010

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