Sterol biosynthesis by symbiotes: cytochrome P450 sterol C-22 desaturase genes from yeastlike symbiotes of rice planthoppers and anobiid beetles

Noda, Hiroaki; Koizumi, Yoko

doi:10.1016/s0965-1748(03)00056-0

Cited by 85 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Contributions of microbiota to insect sterol nutrition relate exclusively to eukaryotic, particularly yeast, symbionts, because bacteria lack the capacity for sterol synthesis. A fungal source of insect sterols is indicated by the fungal sterol ergosterol and related compounds in the sterol profile of anobiid beetles (Coleoptera, Anobiidae) and planthoppers with yeast symbionts (83, 86). However, sterol analysis of the wood wasp Sirex noctilio suggests that this xylophage derives its sterols from the diet and not the fungal symbiont (112).…”

Section: Microbial Impacts On Insect Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Multiorganismal Insects: Diversity and Function of Resident Microorganisms

Douglas

2015

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

959

842

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All insects are colonized by microorganisms on the insect exoskeleton, in the gut and hemocoel, and within insect cells. The insect microbiota is generally different from microorganisms in the external environment, including ingested food. Specifically, certain microbial taxa are favored by the conditions and resources in the insect habitat, by their tolerance of insect immunity, and by specific mechanisms for their transmission. The resident microorganisms can promote insect fitness by contributing to nutrition, especially by providing essential amino acids, B vitamins, and, for fungal partners, sterols. Some microorganisms protect their insect hosts against pathogens, parasitoids, and other parasites by synthesizing specific toxins or modifying the insect immune system. Priorities for future research include elucidation of microbial contributions to detoxification, especially of plant allelochemicals in phytophagous insects, and resistance to pathogens; as well as their role in among-insect communication; and the potential value of manipulation of the microbiota to control insect pests.

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Section: Microbial Impacts On Insect Phenotypementioning

confidence: 99%

Multiorganismal Insects: Diversity and Function of Resident Microorganisms

Douglas

2015

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

959

842

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“…Also, bacterial surveys and databases are more established, primarily due to the success of screens using 16S bacterial RNA (rRNA) markers. Known functions of fungal symbionts in insects include synthesis of sterols [52] and vitamins [49], substrate detoxification [62], and nitrogen recycling [59]. Two main types of fungal symbioses have been described in sap-feeders: obligate yeast-like nutritional symbionts are known from derived lineages of aphids [23] and planthoppers [52], while facultative extracellular yeasts are more widespread [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Associates of the Vine Mealybug Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) under Different Rearing Conditions

et al. 2014

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Sap-feeding insects harbor diverse microbial endosymbionts that play important roles in host ecology and evolution, including contributing to host pest status. The vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus, is a serious pest of grapevines, vectoring a number of pathogenic grape viruses. Previous studies have shown that virus transmission is abolished when mealybugs are raised in the laboratory on potato. To examine the possible role of microbial symbionts in virus transmission, the archaeal, bacterial, and fungal microbiota of field and laboratory P. ficus were characterized using molecular and classical microbiological methods. Lab and field colonies of P. ficus harbored different microbiota. While both were dominated by the bacterial obligate nutritional symbionts Moranella and Tremblaya, field samples also harbored a third bacterium that was allied with cluster L, a lineage of bacterial symbionts previously identified in aphids. Archaea were not found in any of the samples. Fungal communities in field-collected mealybugs were dominated by Metschnikowia and Cladosporium species, while those from laboratory-reared mealybugs were dominated by Alternaria and Cladosporium species. In conclusion, this study has identified a diverse set of microbes, most of which appear to be facultatively associated with P. ficus, depending on environmental conditions. The role of various members of the mealybug microbiome, as well as how the host plant affects microbial community structure, remains to be determined.

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“…The majority of yeast endosymbionts from the gut of beetles, however, are classified as species of true yeasts in the genus Candida (asexual Saccharomycetales) (Jones et al, 1999). The insects benefit from nutritional supplements provided by the endosymbiotic fungi Ishikawa, 1997, 2000;Nardon and Grenier, 1989;Noda and Koizumi, 2003;Sasaki et al, 1996;Wetzel et al, 1992;Wilkinson and Ishikawa, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%