“…Related to this, it suggests a need to consider the importance of the school context, and the ways in which students may resist and seek to ‘carve out “spaces of control”’ (Giddens, 1982: 197–198). Such attempts may take the form of ‘secondary adjustments’, which are used to get around institutional demands and expectations (Goffman, 1991), ‘rituals of resistance’ such as off-topic talk, joking, or teasing (McLaren, 1985), ‘hidden transcripts’ enacted behind the back of authority (Scott, 1990), or the stigmatization (Goffman, 1986; Huggins, 2016) of those who align, or fail to align, themselves with schooling.…”