Stimulating effects of quercetin and phenamil on differentiation of human dental pulp cells

Abstract

Dentin formation is preferred in the healing response of the pulp to pulp-capping agents during vital pulp therapy. Enhancement of the dentinogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells is thought to accelerate pulp repair. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentinogenic activity of small molecules (three flavonoids and phenamil) that have been shown previously to induce osteoblast differentiation. Among the flavonoids (quercetin, genistein and baicalin), quercetin induced the highest alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of human dental pulp (HDP) cells. Phenamil, an amiloride derivative, elicited higher ALP activity than quercetin. However, increased expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) mRNA and mineral deposition were seen in cultures treated with quercetin compared with phenamil. This would seem to suggest that quercetin is the most dentinogenic agent among the tested chemicals. The increase in ALP activity in the quercetin-treated cells was not affected by ICI 182,780, an estrogen receptor inhibitor, and was partially blocked by PD98059, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor. This suggests that ERK1/2 is activated in the quercetin-induced differentiation of HDP cells without the mediation of estrogen receptors, which are known to be involved in osteoblast differentiation induced by quercetin.

Delivery of Phenamil Enhances BMP-2-Induced Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Bone Formation in Calvarial Defects

“…14,[16][17][18][19] These results suggest that phenamil can work additively or synergistically with BMP-2 to increase bone regeneration.…”

“…[20][21][22][23] Our recent study demonstrated that controlled BMP-2 delivery can be achieved by apatite coating and BMP-2-loaded scaffolds enhance osteogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in vitro and promote bone regeneration in rodent models. 24 Although previous studies have demonstrated that phenamil can induce osteogenic differentiation by enhancing BMP activity, and combined application of phenamil with BMP-2 can enhance osteogenesis in vitro, 14,[16][17][18][19] no single study reported the ability of phenamil to promote bone regeneration and how phenamil delivery influences BMP-2-mediated bone formation in vivo.…”

Restorati̇f Di̇ş Tedavi̇si̇nde Pulpa Kaplamalari

“…Daha kısa sürede sertleĢmesi, daha akıĢkan olması ve film kalınlığının daha az olması sebebiyle MTA"ya alternatif olarak düĢünülmektedir. 13,38 Zarrabi ve ark. "nın çalıĢmasına göre ise MTA ile CEM"in dentin köprüsü yapımı ve odontoblast hücrelerinin dentin köprüsü altındaki yan yana dizilimi benzerdir.…”

“…Dentinogenesis esnasında pulpanın geliĢimi ve maturasyonunda yer alır. 13,38,41 Hücrelerde proliferasyonu, pulpa iyileĢmesi, sert doku oluĢumu görülür. Bu rejeneratif olaylar odontogenesisi taklit eder.…”

“…Bu yüzden direkt pulpa kaplamalarında kullanımı düĢünülmüĢtür. 22,38,41 Yazarlar emdogain jelin, propilen glikol aljinat jelde çözünmesi sebebiyle sert doku oluĢumunda etkisiz olduğunu ve sızdırmaz bir kapama sağlaya-madığını belirtmiĢlerdir. MTA ile kombine kullanıldı-ğında, tek baĢına MTA kullanımına göre pulpa hücre-lerinin odontoblast benzeri hücrelere farklılaĢması daha hızlı olmaktadır.…”