Stimulating the immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei using the phagocytosis activating protein (PAP) gene

Khimmakthong, Umaporn; Deachamag, Panchalika; Phongdara, Amornrat; Chotigeat, Wilaiwan

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2011.06.010

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Phagocytosis is a major way used to remove pathogens and cell debris in both vertebrates and invertebrates [23]. In shrimp, hemocytes are the main performers of phagocytosis and tend to protect against various pathogens [24]. Here, 90 DEGs related to phagocytosis were listed in Additional file 9 suggesting stimulation of hemocytes by WSSV infection probably increases their phagocytic processes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis reveals the activation of neuroendocrine-immune system in shrimp hemocytes at the early stage of WSSV infection

Wang

Xiang

et al. 2019

BMC Genomics

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Background Functional communications between nervous, endocrine and immune systems are well established in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Circulating hemocytes act as fundamental players in this crosstalk, whose functions are conserved during the evolution of the main groups of metazoans. However, the roles of the neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) system in shrimp hemocytes during pathogen infection remain largely unknown. Results In this study, we sequenced six cDNA libraries prepared with hemocytes from Litopenaeus vannamei which were injected by WSSV (white spot syndrome virus) or PBS for 6 h using Illumina Hiseq 4000 platform. As a result, 3444 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 3240 up-regulated genes and 204 down-regulated genes, were identified from hemocytes after WSSV infection. Among these genes, 349 DEGs were correlated with innate immunity and categorized into seven groups based on their predictive function. Interestingly, 18 genes encoded putative neuropeptide precursors were induced significantly by WSSV infection. Furthermore, some genes were mapped to several typical processes in the NEI system, including proteolytic processing of prohormones, amino acid neurotransmitter pathways, biogenic amine biosynthesis and acetylcholine signaling pathway. Conclusions The data suggested that WSSV infection triggers the activation of NEI in shrimp, which throws a light on the pivotal roles of NEI system mediated by hemocytes in shrimp antiviral immunity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5614-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis reveals the activation of neuroendocrine-immune system in shrimp hemocytes at the early stage of WSSV infection

Wang

Xiang

et al. 2019

BMC Genomics

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“…Moreover, another study showed that the interaction between PAP and α-2macroglobulin may increase the entry of PAP into phagocytic cells and increase the survival rate of WSSV-infected shrimp [25]. Injection with the PAP gene was also found to significantly increase the percentage of phagocytosis and the phagocytic index [26]. In another investigation, oral administration of the chitosan-PAP-phMGFP gene was applied to determine the ability of the gene to induce shrimp immunity [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ribosomal protein S3a (RPS3a) on the survival of WSSV-infected pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Iatsui¹,

Chotigeat²,

Deachamag³

2020

ScienceAsia

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White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) causes substantial economic losses in shrimp farming. It has been reported that shrimp infected with this virus exhibits an overexpression of ribosomal protein S3a (RPS3a). Therefore, a recombinant protein, His-RPS3a, from shrimp was produced and its potential to protect shrimp from WSSV was evaluated. The purified His-RPS3a was injected at concentrations of 1-20 µg/shrimp to determine the expression of the genes prophenoloxidase (proPO) and phagocytosis-activating protein (PAP) by real-time PCR. PAP expression increased 4.1-fold when His-RPS3a was injected at 1 µg/shrimp, and proPO gene expression increased 5.3-fold when His-RPS3a was injected at 20 µg/shrimp. Therefore, shrimp were injected with His-RPS3a at concentrations of 10, 20, or 40 µg/shrimp for 3 days and then challenged with WSSV. The relative percentages of survival (RPS) of the WSSV-challenged shrimp after injection with the His-RPS3a were 23%, 27%, and 35%, respectively. Besides, RPS3a-phMGFP was prepared in the form of chitosan-DNA nanoparticles and fed at 75 µg/shrimp/day for 7 days. PAP expression was found to be higher than that in the control group. Furthermore, shrimp fed with RPS3a-phMGFP DNA at 75 µg/shrimp/day were challenged with WSSV and further cultured for 15 days. The RPS of the WSSV-challenged shrimp after feeding with RPS3a-phMGFP was 35%, whereas the control shrimp exhibited 100% death. These results demonstrated that RPS3a acts as an antigen and could delay the death of WSSV-infected shrimp by activating the general immune system; furthermore, RPS3a may be activated after WSSV infection to induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines.

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“…That is why individual housing of the animals is preferred over group housing, as it allows for the sampling of individual shrimp at different timepoints to test an array of different immune parameters. Immune parameters that can be assessed in an in vivo challenge model in shrimp include the total hemocyte count (THC), differential hemocyte count (DHC), phagocytic index (PI), immune enzymes specific activity (phenoloxidase activity (POA), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), Lysozyme activity (LZA), intracellular respiratory burst activity (IRB)), and the expression of known immune-related genes such as Hsp70, TGase, LYS, and ProPO [292,[328][329][330][331][332][333][334][335][336][337][338]. Once an immunostimulant has been tested in individual animals and efficacy has been established, it is advisable that the investigators also evaluate it in a group challenge model to further optimize the treatment under these conditions (refer to the sections Biologically Active Compounds and Antibody Therapy) (Table 4).…”

Section: Nonspecific Immunomodulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Infection Models and Their Usefulness for White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) Research in Shrimp

Cox,

De Swaef,

Corteel

et al. 2024

Viruses

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White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is marked as one of the most economically devastating pathogens in shrimp aquaculture worldwide. Infection of cultured shrimp can lead to mass mortality (up to 100%). Although progress has been made, our understanding of WSSV’s infection process and the virus–host–environment interaction is far from complete. This in turn hinders the development of effective mitigation strategies against WSSV. Infection models occupy a crucial first step in the research flow that tries to elucidate the infectious disease process to develop new antiviral treatments. Moreover, since the establishment of continuous shrimp cell lines is a work in progress, the development and use of standardized in vivo infection models that reflect the host–pathogen interaction in shrimp is a necessity. This review critically examines key aspects of in vivo WSSV infection model development that are often overlooked, such as standardization, (post)larval quality, inoculum type and choice of inoculation procedure, housing conditions, and shrimp welfare considerations. Furthermore, the usefulness of experimental infection models for different lines of WSSV research will be discussed with the aim to aid researchers when choosing a suitable model for their research needs.

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Stimulating the immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei using the phagocytosis activating protein (PAP) gene

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Transcriptome analysis reveals the activation of neuroendocrine-immune system in shrimp hemocytes at the early stage of WSSV infection

Transcriptome analysis reveals the activation of neuroendocrine-immune system in shrimp hemocytes at the early stage of WSSV infection

Effects of ribosomal protein S3a (RPS3a) on the survival of WSSV-infected pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Experimental Infection Models and Their Usefulness for White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) Research in Shrimp

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