Stimulation of gastric mucus output by somatostatin in man

Abstract

Abstract. Effects of i.v. somatostatin on the gastric mucus output during a 60 min infusion of pentagastrin were examined in five healthy subjects. Experiments were also made with prior indomethacin administration to suppress the synthesis of endogenous prostaglandins. N‐acetyl neuraminic acid, a sialic acid, was measured in the gastric aspirates as an index of gastric mucus. Somatostatin increased significantly the gastric mucus output in a dose‐related way. The output increased to 158 ± 14% and 216 ± 24% of the control level by 1 and 2 μg kg‐1 h‐1 somatostatin, respectively. The increase induced by somatostatin was prevented by prior indomethacin. With indomethacin alone the mucus output was not different from in controls. Thus somatostatin has augmentory effects on the gastric mucus, which can be blocked by indomethacin, indicating that endogenous prostaglandins are involved in the augmentation. Somatostatin prevents stress ulcerations in the rat, assumedly by inhibiting the gastric acid secretion. This study suggests that additional mechanisms may contribute to the protective action of somatostatin on the gastric mucosa.

Sucrose octasulfate stimulates gastric somatostatin release

“…Much of the effort to determine the mechanism of sucralfate's efficacy has been focused on its ability to enhance mucosal defense. Among the factors that have been implicated in this function are the ability of sucralfate, or its active component SOS, to enhance prostaglandin production, mucus secretion and physiochemistry, and epithelial electrical potential [3,4,8,19] induced gastric ulcers, and in contrast to its usual inhibitory actions, has been found to enhance gastric mucus production [10,20]. Our currrent studies showing that SOS stimulates SLI release from the stomach via direct action on D-cells in the gastric mucosa support the hypothesis that sucralfate may mediate its effect through somatostatin.…”

Somatostatin for Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage and Pancreatic Surgery

“…As for bleeding varices, the inhibition of acid and pepsin secretion [80][81][82][83] by these peptides represents the key pharmacological action for reducing the risk of rebleeding by preventing the dissolution of fibrin clot. The increased mucus secretion [92], together with the peptide ability to stimulate prostaglandin production by gastric epithelial cells [93] may account for its remarkable mucosal protective activity [94]. Together with the splanchnic blood flow, gastric mucosal blood flow is also reduced after intravenous administration of somatostatin [95].…”

Somatostatin in the Treatment of Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

“…Somatostatin has been reported to stimulate gastric mucus secretion [44], which forms the main protective barrier between the gastric mucosa and the digestive actions of acid and pepsin. This effect of somatostatin may be beneficial in both preventing early recurrent bleeding from gastric ulcers and in promoting ulcer healing.…”

“…Thus, the hormone inhibits basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion [31][32][33][34], basal and stimulated pepsin secretion [35,36], pancreatic secretion and biliary secretion. Furthermore, somatostatin reduces gastric mucosal blood flow [37], gastric perfusion [38], the late phase of gastric emptying [39,40] and intestinal motility [41][42][43] and stimulates mucus protection [44].…”