Stimulation of mild, sustained ketonemia by medium-chain triacylglycerols in healthy humans: Estimated potential contribution to brain energy metabolism

Courchesne-Loyer, Alexandre; Fortier, Mélanie; Tremblay‐Mercier, Jennifer; Chouinard‐Watkins, Raphaël; Roy, Maggie; Nugent, Scott; Castellano, Christian‐Alexandre; Cunnane, Stephen C.

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2012.09.009

Cited by 87 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For instance, portal vein medium-chain fatty acid levels peak at 15 min and 75-90 min after infusion of MCTs into the GI tract of pigs, 31 and blood BHB levels peak around 30 min and 3 h after MCT consumption in humans. 32 This is the same pattern seen in this study. However, the BHB response to MCT consumption also appears to be greater after a period of regular MCT consumption.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Insulin, glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate responses to a medium-chain triglyceride-based sports supplement: A pilot study

Wood

Kelly

2017

JMH

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There is a current trend in endurance sports to move athletes towards a low-carbohydrate diet or use periods of low carbohydrate consumption to increase both health and performance. As a result, a market is developing for sports supplements to provide nutritional support during training and racing for athletes who follow a low-carbohydrate lifestyle. PHAT FIBRE (PF) is a powdered sports supplement that includes medium-chain triglycerides suspended in a digestion-resistant carbohydrate and is tailored to the needs of low-carb athletes. Eleven healthy participants were administered 25 g of PF after an overnight fast. After 30 minutes, median blood glucose increased by 6 mg/dl from 94 mg/dl to 100 mg/dl (p = 0.002). At the same time points, median blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) increased from 0.3 mmol/L to 0.5 mmol/L. The increase in BHB was significant (p = 0.02) after excluding one outlier who had elevated levels of fasting BHB. Insulin levels did not change significantly at any point during the study. In a single participant, a revised formulation of PF (PFv2) produced a 0.6 mmol/L increase in BHB with no effect on blood glucose. These data suggest that PF can provide a source of energy for the low-carb athlete by supporting ketone production without negatively impacting insulin or blood glucose levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Insulin, glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate responses to a medium-chain triglyceride-based sports supplement: A pilot study

Wood

Kelly

2017

JMH

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“…The degree of ketosis achievable with feasible intakes of MCTs or coconut oil in the context of an ordinary carbohydrate-rich diet is rather modest -below 1 mM [135,136]. In part, this reflects the fact that the hepatic mitochondrial enzymes required for ketone body synthesis are induced and activated by the high glucagon, low insulin environment associated with fasting or carbohydrate restriction [137].…”

Section: Practical Implementation Of Ketogenic Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketosis may promote brain macroautophagy by activating Sirt1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1

2015

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“…Blood samples were centrifuged (6000g; 5 min; 4 C) to collect plasma. Plasma glucose and total cholesterol (TC) were measured using a clinical biochemistry analyzer (Dimension Xpand Plus, Siemens Healthcare Diagnosis Inc, Deerfield, IL, USA) as previously described [23]. Plasma insulin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (80-INSRTU-E01, Alpco, Salem, NH, USA).…”

Section: Blood Metabolite Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy restriction does not prevent insulin resistance but does prevent liver steatosis in aging rats on a Western-style diet

et al. 2015

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Stimulation of mild, sustained ketonemia by medium-chain triacylglycerols in healthy humans: Estimated potential contribution to brain energy metabolism

Cited by 87 publications

References 33 publications

Insulin, glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate responses to a medium-chain triglyceride-based sports supplement: A pilot study

Insulin, glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate responses to a medium-chain triglyceride-based sports supplement: A pilot study

Ketosis may promote brain macroautophagy by activating Sirt1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1

Energy restriction does not prevent insulin resistance but does prevent liver steatosis in aging rats on a Western-style diet

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