Stimulatory Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Phytochemical Properties, Mitotic Behaviour, and Nutritional Composition of Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifoliaScop.)

Abstract

Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. Syn. Onobrychis sativa L.) is a bloat-safe forage crop with high levels of tannins, which is renowned for its medicinal qualities in grazing animals. Mutagenesis technique was applied to investigate the influence of gamma irradiation at 30, 60, 90, and 120 Gy on mitotic behavior, in vitro growth factors, phytochemical and nutritional constituents of sainfoin. Although a percentage of plant necrosis and non-growing seed were enhanced by irradiation increment, the germination speed was significantly decreased. It was observed that gamma irradiated seeds had higher value of crude protein and dry matter digestibility compared to control seeds. Toxicity of copper was reduced in sainfoin irradiated seeds at different doses of gamma rays. Anthocyanin content also decreased in inverse proportion to irradiation intensity. Accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds was enhanced by gamma irradiation exposure in leaf cells. HPLC profiles differed in peak areas of the two important alkaloids, Berberine and Sanguinarine, in 120 Gy irradiated seeds compared to control seeds. There were positive correlations between irradiation dose and some abnormality divisions such as laggard chromosome, micronucleus, binucleated cells, chromosome bridge, and cytomixis. In reality, radiocytological evaluation was proven to be essential in deducing the effectiveness of gamma irradiation to induce somaclonal variation in sainfoin.

Gamma radiation effects on crude oil yield of some soybean seeds: Functional properties and chemical composition of glycine max-ataem-7 seeds

“…Similarly, there are some reports which indicate that higher doses of gamma radiation are usually inhibitory [4], whereas lower doses are sometimes stimulatory [16].…”

“…The percentage of spontaneous mutations is too low for breeding purposes in nature. Hence, chemical and physical mutagens can be used to encourage mutation [4]. Genetic variability is the most important requirement for effective crop development in terms of variant selection.…”

“…Genetic variability is the most important requirement for effective crop development in terms of variant selection. Physical mutagens especially by using gamma-radiation, have been used by many researches for crop development [4].…”

Effect of gamma irradiation on some active constituents and metabolites of Cichorium pumilum Jacq.

“…This was due to the effected of the used gamma radiation doses on the translocation of metabolites rather than inhibition of their metabolism. The partition of the metabolites into the different plant organs was previously found to be affected by the different stresses such as gamma ray irradiation (Kim et al, 2006;Mohajer et al, 2014). Figure 5 shows that content of secondary metabolites in the whole plant, in general, acquired the trend alkaloid > phenolic > saponin compounds indicating that alkaloid content represents the major medicinal compounds in comparison with phenolic compounds and saponin of chicory plant.…”

“…Also, the remarkable accumulation of the alkaloid compounds in the plant root than in shoot showed that most treatment induced translocation of alkaloids compounds f rom shoot to root rather increase their metabolism in shoot especially under the highest treatment (80 Gy). Several studies such as those of Kim et al (2006) and Mohajer et al (2014) report that gamma irradiation significantly affects the alkaloid content of different organs in various plants. It is also important to note that 40 Gy induced both metabolism of alkaloids in shoot and their translocation from shoot to root leading to high al kaloids content in the two organs.…”