Stimuli-responsive chromism in organophosphorus chemistry

Abstract

Changes in color are one of the most obvious and easily followed responses that can be induced by an external stimulus. π-Conjugated organophosphorus compounds are on the rise to challenge established systems by opening up new and simple pathways to diversely modified optoelectronic properties--the main challenge for the development of new chromic materials. Relevant stimuli highlighted in this Frontier article include electronic current (electrochromism), light (photochromism), solvent polarity (solvatochromism), aggregation formation (aggregation induced emission, AIE), mechanical force (mechanochromism), temperature (thermochromism), organic solvent vapor (vapochromism), and pH (halochromism).

Strategic Design of Clay‐Based Multifunctional Materials: From Natural Minerals to Nanostructured Membranes

“…Color changes are the most obvious and easily perceptible responses. It can be induced by many external stimuli such as electronic current, light, solvent polarity, mechanical force, temperature, organic solvent vapor, and pH . Among all chromic materials, thermochromic materials have attracted a great deal of attention not only due to their traditional applications in paints and textiles but also thanks to their new applications, especially in biosensors and chemosensors .…”

Role of halogen substituents in a series of polymorphic 2,5-diamino-3,6-dicyanopyrazine derivatives with highly flexible groups

“…These solid state properties play an important role in industrial products [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and the change in these properties via phase transitions between polymorphs are relevant to functional materials such as chemical sensors because their phase transition is frequently induced by external stimuli. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] As such, understanding the chemical structures that favour polymorphs is important for the design of novel functional materials as well as for polymorph prediction. Hydrogen bond is well-known as a typical structural factor favouring polymorphs.…”

Centrosymmetric Binuclear Boron Compounds Derived from Dithiooxamides: Synthesis, Characterization, and Their Photophysical Properties

“…e fluorescence spectra show maximum wavelengths between 465 and 509 nm for the compound 4 is more intense the emission. Compound 4 in solution (solvent THF) absorbs at 428 nm and emits at 509 nm; however in the solid state, it shows a clear red color, this difference in color is due to the fact that the compound in solution shows solvatochromism [43,44]. e molar extinction coefficients (ε) of 2 and 4 were in the range of 51,000-56,000 M −1 •cm −1 .…”