2021
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.755047
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Stochastic Dynamics of the COVID-19 Case-Fatality Ratios in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines: Economic Implications for the Post-COVID-19 Era

Abstract: This paper analyses the stochastic dynamics of the COVID-19 Case-Fatality Ratios (CFR) in three developing economies in East Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The sample covers the daily frequency data from April 28, 2020, to June 29, 2021. For this purpose, we utilize two unit root tests, which consider one structural break and two structural breaks. The findings reveal that the CFR follows a unit root process in Indonesia and the Philippines. However, the CFR is stationary in Malaysia. This evi… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…Both countries are also among the most populous in the region. However, while the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been permanent in the Philippines, it has been shown thus far to be temporary in Malaysia [9]. Between January and October 2020, about 30,000 Malaysians had been infected by the virus with a mortality rate of 0.79%, while approximately 380,000 cases of COVID-19 were detected in the Philippines with a mortality rate of 1.9% [10].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Both countries are also among the most populous in the region. However, while the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been permanent in the Philippines, it has been shown thus far to be temporary in Malaysia [9]. Between January and October 2020, about 30,000 Malaysians had been infected by the virus with a mortality rate of 0.79%, while approximately 380,000 cases of COVID-19 were detected in the Philippines with a mortality rate of 1.9% [10].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Both countries are also among the most populous in the region. However, while the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been permanent in the Philippines, it has been shown thus far to be temporary in Malaysia [9]. Between January and October 2020, rate of 1.9% [10].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Malaysia and the Philippines are among the most populous countries in Southeast Asia. While the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been permanent in the Philippines, it has been shown thus far to be temporary in Malaysia [26]. Between January and October 2020, around 30,000 Malaysians had been infected by the virus with a mortality rate of 0.79%, while approximately 380,000 cases of COVID-19 were detected in the Philippines with a mortality rate of 1.9% [2].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Support for individual behavior to implement clean and healthy living behavior during a pandemic can reduce the spread of COVID-19, but a collaborative approach by building community immunity through vaccination must be carried out. Moreover, Shi's research (2021) states that Covid-19 has a permanent impact in Indonesia [21]. Giving vaccines is important to prevent the spread of the pandemic [22].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%