Stochastic Geometry Analysis of Hybrid Aerial Terrestrial Networks with mmWave Backhauling

Kouzayha, Nour; ElSawy, Hesham; Dahrouj, Hayssam; Alshaikh, Khlood; Al-Naffouri, Tareq Y.; Alouini, Mohamed‐Slim

doi:10.1109/icc40277.2020.9148840

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In addition, the authors implemented voice over IP (VoIP) services in order to assess the system's capabilities. Moreover, [160] recently borrowed tools from stochastic geometry to estimate the effectiveness of millimeter wave (mmWave) backhauling for ABS-aided terrestrial networks. In particular, an algorithm was developed to maximize the throughput based on user association, UAV positioning, and resource allocation.…”

Section: B Backhaulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the context of emergency communications, splitting access and backhaul resources might be convenient since dynamic algorithms can be used to adapt the network depending on the different phases of disaster management; also, proper transmit power allocation combined with spatial multiplexing can mitigate interference from the user side. However, accurate beam steering error models still need to be investigated and, since UAVs are also used as relays without any queuing capabilities, it also would be interesting to analyze spatio-temporal models with queuing for the ABSs [160].…”

Section: B Backhaulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2016 Ad-hoc cell tower [158] 2018 WiMAX, WLAN [159] 2020 mmWave, UAVs [160] Access and backhaul [161] Tethered UAVs [163] 2021 Bandwidth and energy allocation [162] best network's performance either in terms of coverage, capacity, or energy efficiency (or any combination of the three).…”

Section: Year Main Focusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Disaster Communications: Enabling Technologies, Architectures, and Open Challenges

Matracia¹,

Saeed²,

Kishk³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The number of disasters has increased over the past decade where these calamities significantly affect the functionality of communication networks. In the context of 6G, airborne and spaceborne networks offer hope in disaster recovery to serve the underserved and to be resilient in calamities. Therefore, this paper surveys the state-of-the-art literature on post-disaster wireless communication networks and provides insights for the future establishment of such networks. In particular, we first give an overview of the works investigating the general procedures and strategies for counteracting any large-scale disasters. Then, we present the possible technological solutions for post-disaster communications, such as the recovery of the terrestrial infrastructure, installing aerial networks, and using spaceborne networks.Afterward, we shed light on the technological aspects of post-disaster networks, primarily the physical and networking issues. We present the literature on channel modeling, coverage and capacity, radio resource management, localization, and energy efficiency in the physical layer and discuss the integrated space-air-ground architectures, routing, delay-tolerant/software-defined networks, and edge computing in the networking layer. This paper also presents interesting simulation results which can provide practical guidelines about the deployment of ad hoc network architectures in emergency scenarios. Finally, we present several promising research directions, namely backhauling, placement optimization of aerial base stations, and the mobility-related aspects that come into play when deploying aerial networks, such as planning their trajectories and the consequent handovers.Maurilio Matracia and Mohamed-Slim Alouini are with the Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering

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Section: B Backhaulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Backhaulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Disaster Communications: Enabling Technologies, Architectures, and Open Challenges

Matracia¹,

Saeed²,

Kishk³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…This is specifically the case for most UAVs, as they are supposed to hover and move freely in the sky, unless being tethered to a building rooftop [35]. In [36], the impact of UAV millimeter-wave (mmWave) backhauling is considered in an aerial-terrestrial cellular network using tools from stochastic geometry. Along similar lines, the authors in [37] studied the success probability of establishing a wireless backhaul network using directional antenna patterns for the UAVs.…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Two-Hop Cellular Networks with Wireless Backhauled UAVs: Modeling and Fundamentals

Banagar¹,

Dhillon²

2021

Preprint

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In this paper, we characterize the performance of a three-dimensional (3D) two-hop cellular network in which terrestrial base stations (BSs) coexist with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to serve a set of ground user equipment (UE). In particular, UEs connect either directly to BSs by access links or indirectly through UAVs to BSs by joint access and backhaul links, where the BSs provide wireless backhaul to the UAVs. We consider realistic antenna radiation patterns for both BSs and UAVs using practical models developed by the third generation partnership project (3GPP). We assume a probabilistic channel model for the air-to-ground transmission, which incorporates both line-of-sight (LoS) and nonline-of-sight (NLoS) links. Assuming the max-power association policy, we study the performance of the network in both amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying protocols. Using tools from stochastic geometry, we analyze the joint distribution of distance and zenith angle of the closest (and serving) UAV to the origin in a 3D setting. Further, we identify and extensively study key mathematical constructs as the building blocks of characterizing the received signal-to-interferenceplus-noise ratio (SINR) distribution. Using these results, we obtain exact mathematical expressions for the coverage probability in both AF and DF relaying protocols. Furthermore, considering the fact that backhaul links could be quite weak because of the downtilted antennas at the BSs, we propose and analyze the addition of a directional uptilted antenna at the BS that is solely used for backhaul purposes.The superiority of having directional antennas with wirelessly backhauled UAVs is further demonstrated via simulation.

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“…One of the main features of UAVs is the existence of line-of-sight (LOS) links, which can improve the signal quality compared to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) links. The LOS transmission is considered as one of the key factors that can boost capacity This work has been presented in part in [1] at IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC'2020), Dublin, Ireland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Large Scale Aerial Terrestrial Networks with mmWave Backhauling

Kouzayha

Sawy

Dahrouj

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

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Service providers are considering the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to enhance wireless connectivity of cellular networks. To provide connectivity, UAVs have to be backhauled through terrestrial base stations (BSs) to the core network. In particular, we consider millimeter-wave (mmWave) backhauling in the downlink of a hybrid aerial-terrestrial network, where the backhaul links are subject to beamforming misalignment errors. In the proposed model, the user equipment (UE) can connect to either a ground BS or a UAV, where we differentiate between two transmission schemes according to the backhaul status. In one scheme, the UEs are served by the UAVs regardless of whether the backhaul links are good or not. In the other scheme, the UAVs are aware of the backhaul links status, and hence, only the subset of successfully backhauled UAVs can serve the UEs. Using stochastic geometry, the performance of the proposed model is assessed in terms of coverage probability and validated against Monte-Carlo simulations. Several insights are provided for determining some system parameters including the UAVs altitude and required number and the beamforming misalignment error of the backhaul link. The obtained results highlight the impact of the UAVs backhaul link on the UE experience.

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Stochastic Geometry Analysis of Hybrid Aerial Terrestrial Networks with mmWave Backhauling

Cited by 21 publications

References 37 publications

Post-Disaster Communications: Enabling Technologies, Architectures, and Open Challenges

Post-Disaster Communications: Enabling Technologies, Architectures, and Open Challenges

3D Two-Hop Cellular Networks with Wireless Backhauled UAVs: Modeling and Fundamentals

Analysis of Large Scale Aerial Terrestrial Networks with mmWave Backhauling

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