“…Toqué, Côme, El Mahrsi, and Oukhellou (2016) were among the first to use the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network model to estimate future OD flows by using the historic OD flows as input. Since their work, more complex deep learning models have been proposed to estimate dynamic future flows, among them convolutional LSTM (Duan et al, 2019), contextualized spatial-temporal networks (Liu et al, 2019), dual-stage graph convolutional recurrent neural networks (Hu, Yang, Guo, Jensen, & Xiong, 2020), spatial-temporal LSTM (Li et al, 2020), spatial-temporal encoder-decoder residual multi-graph convolutional networks (Ke et al, 2021), and dynamic node-edge attention networks (Zhang, Xiao, Shen, & Zhong, 2021). Therefore, dynamic OD networks provide a more comprehensive and detailed day-to-day description for urban dynamics and have become a powerful tool for understanding collective dynamics in recent years.…”