Stochastic Resonance Activity Influences Serum Tryptophan Metabolism in Healthy Human Subjects

Abstract

BackgroundStochastic resonance therapy (SRT) is used for rehabilitation of patients with various neuropsychiatric diseases. An alteration in tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway has been identified in the central and peripheral nervous systems in patients with neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases and during the aging process. This study investigated the effect of SRT as an exercise activity on serum tryptophan metabolites in healthy subjects.MethodsSerum L-tryptophan, L-kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and anthranilic acid levels were measured one minute before SRT and at one, 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after SRT. We found that SRT affected tryptophan metabolism. Serum levels of L-tryptophan, L-kynurenine, and kynurenic acid were significantly reduced for up to 60 minutes after SRT. Anthranilic acid levels were characterized by a moderate, non significant transient decrease for up to 15 minutes, followed by normalization at 60 minutes. Tryptophan metabolite ratios were moderately altered, suggesting activation of metabolism after SRT. Lowering of tryptophan would generally involve activation of tryptophan catabolism and neurotransmitter, protein, and bone biosynthesis. Lowering of kynurenic acid by SRT might be relevant for improving symptoms in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, and depression, as well as certain pain conditions.

Stroke Patients after repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)–Alterations of Tryptophan Metabolites in the Serum

“…It is also important to mention that increased KYNA levels might have an impact on the impairment of memory and cognition in stroke patients, as well as in post-stroke depression. Movement disturbance up to immobility in stroke patients could be in part responsible for the increase of KYNA levels in the serum, since on the other hand exercise by means of stochastic resonance therapy (SRT) significantly lowered KYNA levels in the serum of healthy subjects [52]. An importance of exercise for the improvement of chronic stroke patients has been already described [53].…”

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“…[87,88]. A flame retardant in Drosophila PD model, 2,2 ,4,4 -Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), when exposed, resulted in retardation of KYNA formation with an elevation in 3-HK levels [89]. The redox homeo-dynamics is maintained by antioxidant actions of KYNA and xanthurenic acid (XA), which results in reduction of neurodegeneration [90].…”