“…Only limited empirical literature has applied Markov-switching models to Asian stock markets. Li and Lin (2003) examined the Taiwanese stock market from 1981 to 1998, reporting that the number of regimes is sensitive to 28 Literature using the DCC-GARCH model includes, for Asia, Chiang et al (2007), Gupta and Guidi (2012), Lean and Teng (2013), Narayan et al (2014), Boubakri and Guilaumin (2015); Baumohl (2013) for the CEE-4 (Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia) and G7 (the United States, Japan, Germany, the UK, France, Italy, and Canada) markets; for Europe, Kim et al (2005), Syllignakis and Kouretas (2011), Ahmad et al (2013), Sehgal et al (2017); and Alotaibi and Mishra (2017) for GCC markets (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates).…”