“…The input r is consisted of external influences and the outputp is the estimated security price. The actual security price p is In this paper, we focus on the internal model, and for the readers who are interested in the detail of our system adaptation models or the design of adaptive filter, please refer to our previous publications [26,27]. To capture the slow dynamic properties, the internal model works as a price trend generator, 105 which makes the estimated prices have the same trends as the actual prices.…”