Stoffmonographie und ­Referenzwerte für ­monocyklische Amino­aromaten im Urin. Stellungnahme der Kommission Human-­Biomonitoring des Umweltbundesamtes

doi:10.1007/s00103-011-1256-7

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…Aniline has also been detected in indoor and outdoor air (Palmiotto et al 2001) and in the water of drinking water treatment plants (Palmiotto et al 2001). Further, aniline is a known constituent of tobacco smoke (Grover 1989; Human Biomonitoring Commission of the German Federal Environment Agency 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Human metabolism and excretion kinetics of aniline after a single oral dose

et al. 2015

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Aniline is an important source material in the chemical industry (e.g., rubber, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals). The general population is known to be ubiquitously exposed to aniline. Thus, assessment of aniline exposure is of both occupational and environmental relevance. Knowledge on human metabolism of aniline is scarce. We orally dosed four healthy male volunteers (two fast and two slow acetylators) with 5 mg isotope-labeled aniline, consecutively collected all urine samples over a period of 2 days, and investigated the renal excretion of aniline and its metabolites by LS-MS/MS and GC-MS. After enzymatic hydrolysis of glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, N-acetyl-4-aminophenol was the predominant urinary aniline metabolite representing 55.7-68.9 % of the oral dose, followed by the mercapturic acid conjugate of N-acetyl-4-aminophenol accounting for 2.5-6.1 %. Acetanilide and free aniline were found only in minor amounts accounting for 0.14-0.36 % of the dose. Overall, these four biomarkers excreted in urine over 48 h post-dose represented 62.4-72.1 % of the oral aniline dose. Elimination half-times were 3.4-4.3 h for N-acetyl-4-aminophenol, 4.1-5.5 h for the mercapturic acid conjugate, and 1.3-1.6 and 0.6-1.2 h for acetanilide and free aniline, respectively. Urinary maximum concentrations of N-acetyl-4-aminophenol were reached after about 4 h and maximum concentrations of the mercapturic acid conjugate after about 6 h, whereas concentrations of acetanilide and free aniline peaked after about 1 h. The present study is one of the first to provide reliable urinary excretion factors for aniline and its metabolites in humans after oral dosage, including data on the predominant urinary metabolite N-acetyl-4-aminophenol, also known as an analgesic under the name paracetamol/acetaminophen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Human metabolism and excretion kinetics of aniline after a single oral dose

et al. 2015

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Anilin [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2018]

Hartwig¹,

Arand²

2018

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re-evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) for aniline [62-53-3]. Available publications and unpublished study reports are described in detail. Healthy male and female volunteers showed increased methemoglobin values in a 6-hour-inhalation-study with exposure to 2 ml aniline/m 3. The median methemoglobin augmentation was 0.5 % from the base level of 0.7 % to 1.2 % methemoglobin. Even taking into account the highest observed increase of methemoglobin, 8 hour-exposure time and the increased respiratory volume at the workplace, a methemoglobin value of more than 5 % would not be expected. Based on this, the MAK value for aniline of 2 ml/m 3 (7.7 mg/m 3) is confirmed. Aniline is still assigned to Peak Limitation Category II, because systemic effects are critical and the excursion factor of 2 is confirmed. Skin contact is expected to contribute significantly to the systemic toxicity. Therefore, the designation with an "H" is confirmed. Aniline continues to be designated with "Sh" and assigned to Carcinogenicity Category 4.

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Aniline [MAK Value Documentation, 2018]

Hartwig

Arand²

2019

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) for aniline [ 62‐53‐3 ]. Available publications and unpublished study reports are described in detail. Healthy male and female volunteers showed increased methaemoglobin values in a 6‐hour‐inhalation‐study with exposure to 2 ml aniline/m 3 . The median methaemoglobin augmentation was 0.5% from the base level of 0.7% to 1.2% methaemoglobin. Even taking into account the highest observed increase of methaemoglobin, 8 hour‐exposure time and the increased respiratory volume at the workplace, a methaemoglobin value of more than 5% would not be expected. Based on this, the MAK value for aniline of 2 ml/m 3 (7.7 mg/m 3 ) is confirmed. Aniline is still assigned to Peak Limitation Category II, because systemic effects are critical and the excursion factor of 2 is confirmed. Skin contact is expected to contribute significantly to the systemic toxicity. Therefore, the designation with an “H” is confirmed. Aniline continues to be designated with “Sh” and assigned to Carcinogenicity Category 4.

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Stoffmonographie und Referenzwerte für monocyklische Aminoaromaten im Urin. Stellungnahme der Kommission Human-Biomonitoring des Umweltbundesamtes

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Human metabolism and excretion kinetics of aniline after a single oral dose

Human metabolism and excretion kinetics of aniline after a single oral dose

Anilin [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2018]

Aniline [MAK Value Documentation, 2018]

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Stoffmonographie und ­Referenzwerte für ­monocyklische Amino­aromaten im Urin. Stellungnahme der Kommission Human-­Biomonitoring des Umweltbundesamtes

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Human metabolism and excretion kinetics of aniline after a single oral dose

Human metabolism and excretion kinetics of aniline after a single oral dose

Anilin [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2018]

Aniline [MAK Value Documentation, 2018]

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Product

Resources

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Stoffmonographie und Referenzwerte für monocyklische Aminoaromaten im Urin. Stellungnahme der Kommission Human-Biomonitoring des Umweltbundesamtes