StoneNode: A low-power sensor device for induced rockfall experiments

Niklaus, Pascal S.; Birchler, Thomas; Aebi, Tim; Schaffner, Michael; Cavigelli, Lukas; Caviezel, Andrin; Magno, Michele; Benini, Luca

doi:10.1109/sas.2017.7894081

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Efficient data retrieval is ensured using a plug-and-play USB device. For detailed information on the sensors used and comparison with other systems, see Niklaus et al (2017) and Caviezel et al (2018c, b).…”

Section: Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Communication: Measuring rock decelerations and rotation changes during short-duration ground impacts

Caviezel¹,

Gerber

2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Rockfall trajectories are primarily influenced by ground contacts, causing changes in acceleration and rock rotation. The duration of contacts and its influence on the rock kinematics are highly variable and generally unknown. The lack of knowledge hinders the development and calibration of physics-based rockfall trajectory models needed for hazard mitigation. To address this problem we placed three-axis gyroscopes and accelerometers in rocks of various sizes and shapes with the goal of quantifying rock deceleration in natural terrain. Short ground contacts range between 8 and 15 ms, longer contacts between 50 and 70 ms, totalling to only 6 % of the runtime. Our results underscore the highly nonlinear character of rock–ground interactions.

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Section: Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Communication: Measuring rock decelerations and rotation changes during short-duration ground impacts

Caviezel¹,

Gerber

2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Differently set-up in-block sensor devices as e.g., described in [32] are also worth to be considered.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetitive Rockfall Trajectory Testing

et al. 2018

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Numerical simulations of rockfall trajectories are a standard procedure for evaluating rockfall hazards. For these simulations, corresponding software codes must be calibrated and evaluated based on field data. This study addresses methods of repeatable rockfall tests, and investigates whether it is possible to produce traceable and statistically analysable data. A testing series is described extensively covering how to conduct rockfall experiments and how certain elements of rockfall trajectories can be measured. The tests use acceleration and rotation sensors inside test blocks, a system to determine block positions over time, surveying measurements, and video recordings. All systems are evaluated regarding their usability in the field and for analyses. The highly detailed description of testing methods is the basis for sound understanding and reproducibility of the tests. This article serves as a reference for future publications and other rockfall field tests, both as a guide and as a basis for comparisons. First analyses deliver information on runout with a shadow angle ranging between 21 and 45 degrees for a slope consisting of homogeneous soft soil. A digital elevation model of the test site as well as point clouds of the used test blocks are part of this publication.

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“…We demonstrated the feasibility of the dense cloud reconstruction method, possibly eliminating post-experimental manual input for impact and lift-off detection. A fully computer-aided tracking methodology fuses the demands of automated target recognition for projectiles with continuous motion paths and tracking of rather erratic be-haviour via computer-vision reconstruction techniques (Park et al, 2015;Schachter, 2017). The feasibility of degraded contrast between rock and background as well as a fusion with the sensor stream in order to fully automate trajectory reconstruction needs to be elaborated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of four-dimensional rockfall trajectories using remote sensing and rock-based accelerometers and gyroscopes

Caviezel¹,

Demmel²,

Ringenbach³

et al. 2019

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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Abstract. This work focuses on the in-depth reconstruction of the full set of parameters of interest in single-block rockfall trajectories. A comprehensive understanding of rockfall trajectories holds the promise to enhance the application of numerical models for engineering hazard analysis. Such knowledge is equally important to investigate wider cascade problems in steep terrain. Here, we present a full four-dimensional trajectory reconstruction of the “Chant Sura” rockfall experiment performed with EOTA221 norm rocks. The data analysis allows a complete kinematic description of a rock's trajectory in real terrain and underscores the physical complexity of rock–ground interactions. In situ accelerometer and gyroscope data are combined with videogrammetric and unmanned aerial-systems mapping techniques to understand the role of rock rotations, ground penetration and translational scarring in rockfall motion. The exhaustive trajectory reconstruction provides information over the complete flight path such as translational velocity vectors, angular velocities, impact duration and forces, ballistic jump heights, and lengths. The experimental data provide insight into the basic physical processes detailing how rotating rocks of general shape penetrate, rebound and scar ground terrain. In future, the data will serve as a calibration basis to enhance numerical rockfall modelling.

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StoneNode: A low-power sensor device for induced rockfall experiments

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Brief Communication: Measuring rock decelerations and rotation changes during short-duration ground impacts

Brief Communication: Measuring rock decelerations and rotation changes during short-duration ground impacts

Repetitive Rockfall Trajectory Testing

Reconstruction of four-dimensional rockfall trajectories using remote sensing and rock-based accelerometers and gyroscopes

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