Storage and excretion of DDT in starved rats

Dale, William E.; Gaines, Thomas B.; Hayes, Wayland J.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(62)90078-9

Cited by 161 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…24 On the other hand, the effect of starvation on storage of organochlorine pesticides or PCBs was studied in rats. 25 Mobilization of the body fat during starvation resulted in increased concentration of these compounds in the blood and in the remaining fat. However, due to loss of body weight, total body burden is reduced and the significance of mobilization of these compounds following storage will have to be evaluated separately for each compound in future studies before concluding a hazardous effect of these pollutants on patients undergoing a body weight decrease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human exposure to endocrine disrupters: consequences of gastroplasty on plasma concentration of toxic pollutants

Charlier

Desaive²,

Plomteux

2002

Int J Obes

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BACKGROUND: Body weight loss occurring after a hypoenergetic diet or a gastroplasty could be followed by an increase in blood concentration of potentially toxic pollutants that can interfere with the hormonal system (endocrine disrupters). DESIGN: Thirty obese individuals recruited for gastroplasty were compared before and after treatment with 45 normal-weight people. MEASUREMENTS: Blood samples were analyzed for DDT, DDE, HCB and PCBs no. 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180, by gas chromatography -mass spectrometry. RESULTS:The results indicate clearly that body weight loss occurring after gastroplasty increases plasma concentration of lipophilic pollutants. CONCLUSION: Gastroplasty increases plasma concentration of organochlorine pesticides and PCBs, which could be a risk factor of endocrine disruption. Future longitudinal research will have to determine if the advantages of body weight loss are reduced by this potentially harmful effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human exposure to endocrine disrupters: consequences of gastroplasty on plasma concentration of toxic pollutants

Charlier

Desaive²,

Plomteux

2002

Int J Obes

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“…The highest level achieved in our study was 55 fig ß-HCH/g fat tissue at the end of one week of treatment. In an earlier study, Dale et al (11) reported that feeding rats 200 ppm of DDT for 90 days produced fat levels of 729-2206 //g/g in female rats. In our study, after one week with 4 treatment capsules the fat levels of op-DDT were 56-99 jug/g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Mechanisms of Tumor Promoter Activity by Estrogenic Xenobiotics

Bigsby¹

2000

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12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 Words)Tumor promoter activity of estrogens and xenoestrogens is under investigation. Using the methylnitrosourea (MNU) treated rat, estrogens alone could not fully substitute for ovarian factors in mammary tumorigenesis. Estradiol or estrone replacement yielded 25% or 50% tumor incidence in ovariectomized rats. When progesterone was also administered alone it had no tumor promoting effect; treatment with progesterone plus estrone produced a 75% incidence. Thus, there is a synergy between progesterone and estrogen in mammary tumorigenesis.The xenoestrogen, ß-hexachlorcyclohexane (ß-HCH) did not significantly promote tumorigenesis. Only 5 of 32 ovariectomized rats treated with ß-HCH had tumors 6 months after MNU injection; this was not different from tumor incidence in the control group. Dietary restriction did not affect the rate of tumorigenesis.Both ß-HCH and another pesticide residue, o,p'-DDT induced growth of a human tumor xenograft in athymic mice. However this assay was inconsistent from between experiments and no conclusions could be drawn as to the effect of dietary restriction.Low blood levels of xenoestrogen were associated with significant increases in esgtrogenic endpoints in ovariectomized mice. Levels averaging 42 ng/ml or 18 ng/ml for ß-HCH or o,p'-DDT, respectively produced increases in vaginal epithelial proliferation and induced hypertrophy of uterine epithelium. These levels are in the same order of magnitude as human blood levels.

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“…In other vertebrate species, PCBs and DDTs have been shown to move out of adipose tissue during lipid mobilization (Dale et al, 1962;Findlay and De Freitas, 1971;Sodergren and Ulfstrand, 1972). Hence, understanding blubber morphology and lipid dynamics may be important factors in understanding CYP1A1 expression in the blubber biopsy, its relationship to AHR agonists (e.g.…”

Section: Cyp1a1 Induction As a Biomarker In Delphinid Cetaceansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches for assessing the presence and impact of thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals in delphinid cetaceans

Montie¹

2006

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Cetacean blubber is a primary site for lipid storage, which the animal utilizes during periods of energetic stress. It is important to understand how the blubber responds to factors such as ontogeny, water temperature, reproductive status, and nutritional state because blubber is also the primary bioaccumulation site for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). During periods of lipid mobilization such as lactation, PCBs from the blubber are mobilized into the circulatory system and may cause toxic effects. One particular toxic mechanism may include the induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the integument and liver, which could enhance the biotransformation of PCBs to hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs). OH-PCBs may then interfere with thyroid hormone dependent neurodevelopment. The goals of these studies were to investigate the relationships between lipid dynamics and PCB effects and to devise a quantitative approach to assess neurodevelopment in delphinid cetaceans. Blubber morphology, cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) expression in the skin-blubber biopsy, blubber and plasma PCBs, and plasma OH-PCBs were assessed in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). In addition, magnetic resonance (MR) images of the postmortem brain in situ were obtained from Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) specimens.These results showed that: 1) Factors such as ontogeny, water temperature, and reproductive status affected blubber morphology in bottlenose dolphins. In response to warmer water, the lipid content of the blubber decreased and this appeared to involve loss of lipids from adipocytes in the middle blubber layer. Similar to the effects of starvation on blubber morphology, lactation decreased adipocyte size predominantly in the deeper blubber, 2) CYP1A1 levels in the deep blubber were significantly related to the total plasma TEQ 98 concentrations, adipocyte shrinkage, and plasma OH-PCB levels, 3) Through in situ MR imaging of stranded, Atlantic white-sided dolphin specimens, the size of brain structures that depend on thyroid hormones for maturation could be measured accurately. Future studies can use this technique, coupled with chemical analysis of brain regions, to determine if thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals in delphinid cetaceans are associated with changes in the size of brain structures.

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Storage and excretion of DDT in starved rats

Cited by 161 publications

References 4 publications

Human exposure to endocrine disrupters: consequences of gastroplasty on plasma concentration of toxic pollutants

Human exposure to endocrine disrupters: consequences of gastroplasty on plasma concentration of toxic pollutants

Novel Mechanisms of Tumor Promoter Activity by Estrogenic Xenobiotics

Approaches for assessing the presence and impact of thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals in delphinid cetaceans

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