Storage and thermal stability of biodiesel produced from manketti nut oil of Southern Africa origin with the influence of metal contaminants and antioxidants

Kivevele, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s42452-020-2743-y

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the case of iron-contaminated manketti oil methyl ester, 500 ppm of pyrogallol was required to yield biodiesel with an oxidation stability of 6.2 after six months. This was higher than the standards outlined in the ASTM D6751 (3 h) and the South African National Standard (SANS) 1935 (6 h) (Kivevele 2020 ).…”

Section: Oxidation Stability Of Fatty Acid Methyl Estersmentioning

confidence: 63%

Improvements in the stability of biodiesel fuels: recent progress and challenges

Masudi

Muraza²,

Jusoh

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Fewer fossil fuel deposits, price volatility, and environmental concerns have intensified biofuel-based studies. Saccharification, gasification, and pyrolysis are some of the potential methods of producing carbohydrate-based fuels, while lipid extraction is the preferred method of producing biodiesel and green diesel. Over the years, multiple studies have attempted to identify an ideal catalyst as well as optimize the abovementioned methods to produce higher yields at a lower cost. Therefore, this present study comprehensively examined the factors affecting biodiesel stability. Firstly, isomerization, which is typically used to reduce unsaturated fatty acid content, was found to improve oxidative stability as well as maintain and improve cold flow properties. Meanwhile, polymers, surfactants, or small molecules with low melting points were found to improve the cold flow properties of biodiesel. Meanwhile, transesterification with an enzyme could be used to remove monoacylglycerols from oil feedstock. Furthermore, combining two natural antioxidants could potentially slow lipid oxidation if stainless steel, carbon steel, or aluminum are used as biodiesel storage materials. This present review also recommends combining green diesel and biodiesel to improve stability. Furthermore, green diesel can be co-produced at oil refineries that are more selective and have a limited supply of hydrogen. Lastly, next-generation farming should be examined to avoid competing interests in food and energy as well as to improve agricultural efficiency.

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Section: Oxidation Stability Of Fatty Acid Methyl Estersmentioning

confidence: 63%

Improvements in the stability of biodiesel fuels: recent progress and challenges

Masudi

Muraza²,

Jusoh

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Due to oxidation, there was a rapid weight loss of the sample despite the abstraction of secondary oxidation products. The intersection of the extrapolated baseline and the tangent line of the curve obtained by TGA indicated the beginning of temperature oxidation 66 . The absorbance values of the fuel samples were recorded using ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer, Singapore, Lamda‐25) and FTIR spectra using Bruker, Germany, Alpha.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intersection of the extrapolated baseline and the tangent line of the curve obtained by TGA indicated the beginning of temperature oxidation. 66 The absorbance values of the fuel samples were recorded using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer, Singapore, Lamda-25) and FTIR spectra using Bruker, Germany, Alpha. The IP of the fuel samples was evaluated employing 873 Biodiesel Rancimat apparatus (230 V, United States).…”

Section: Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental evaluation over the effects of natural antioxidants on oxidation stability of binary biodiesel blend

Jeyakumar¹,

Huang

Balasubramanian

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Prolonged storage of biodiesel leads to deterioration of fuel properties and its usage in engines results in drop‐in performance characteristics. The present study deals with the effect of natural antioxidants on the storage stability of binary biodiesel blend of Jatropha biodiesel and lemongrass oil, which are synthesized through transesterification and steam distillation process, respectively. Natural antioxidants such as sesame, horse gram, sweet basil, coffee, and peas were employed in the current study. Thermal analysis of the antioxidants was carried out utilizing differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis to study the effect of temperature on antioxidants. Ethanol extract of natural antioxidants was prepared at various concentrations such as 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm. Total phenol content in the antioxidant extracts was determined through the Folin‐Ciocalteu method in terms of gallic acid equivalent (GAE). The oxidation stability of fuel samples with the addition of antioxidant extracts was estimated by the Rancimat method in terms of the induction period (IP). As a result, the scavenging effect in percentage for sesame, horse gram, sweet basil, coffee, and peas were 88.76%, 86.51%, 75.28%, 74.15%, and 70.78% at 1500 ppm, respectively. Besides, the total phenol content (mg GAE/100 g) for sesame, horse gram, sweet basil, coffee, and peas observed are 97.37, 39.99, 35.07, 30.15, and 25.25, respectively. More interestingly, adding antioxidants extracted from sesame, horse gram, sweet basil, coffee, and peas could increase the IP of the Jatropha biodiesel‐lemongrass oil binary blend to 9.92, 8.10, 7.74, 7.10, and 4.10 hours, respectively compared to the case of binary blend without antioxidant (only 2.06 hours). In general, the inclusion of natural antioxidants additives increased the oxidation stability of biodiesel, promoting its prolonged storage, and the overall effectiveness of selected natural antioxidants was found to be in the order of sesame > horse gram > sweet basil > coffee > peas. Highlights The incorporation of a binary biodiesel blend reduces the cost of biodiesel synthesis. Replacement of synthetic antioxidant additive with natural antioxidant additive. Natural antioxidant addition enhances the storage stability of binary biodiesel blend.

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“…Figures 5 and 6 illustrates the degradation of metal contents in biodiesel with different fatty acids composition by the Rancimat method of EN 14112 specification with samples held at a temperature of 110 • C. It is clear that all metal contaminants had an influence in promoting oxidation in palm and sunflower biodiesel with a large effect within palm biodiesel, as these metals initiate the formation of free radicals [98]. As the concentration of metals increased, the oxidation stability decreased; however, after the concentration of 2 ppm, the induction period was not constant, as was previously reported by [99].…”

Section: Elemental Content Analysis 241 Icp-oes Analysis In Virgin Waste Sunflower and Palm Oil And Their Biodieselsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalyst and Elemental Analysis Involving Biodiesel from Various Feedstocks

et al. 2021

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The world is currently faced with the depletion of fossil fuel energy sources and their use is associated with environmental pollution. This has triggered the need to seek alternative energy sources that are renewable, sustainable and environmentally benign. Biodiesel, an alternative fuel of interest, is obtainable from biomass feedstocks. In existing biodiesel fuel, there are concerns that it is a contaminant due to its elemental contents, which over time also affect its quality. This study aimed to investigate the influence of a bifunctional catalyst on the conversion of free fatty acids and the elemental composition of biodiesel obtained from waste oils of sunflower and palm feedstocks. The synthesised catalyst was characterised using BET, XRD, FTIR and SEM while ICP-OES and Rancimat were used for elemental contents and oxidation in feedstocks and biodiesels. The effect of Cu, Zn and Fe metals on the stability of synthesised biodiesel was further studied. The catalyst showed characteristics of bifunctionality with improved textural properties necessary for the conversion of high free fatty acids feedstocks to biodiesel, despite increasing Ca content within the produced biodiesel. Sunflower biodiesel showed superior fuel quality, although palm biodiesel had more oxidation stability. An increase in the concentration of metals decreased the induction period, with Cu and Fe being more effective than Zn metal.

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Storage and thermal stability of biodiesel produced from manketti nut oil of Southern Africa origin with the influence of metal contaminants and antioxidants

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Improvements in the stability of biodiesel fuels: recent progress and challenges

Improvements in the stability of biodiesel fuels: recent progress and challenges

Experimental evaluation over the effects of natural antioxidants on oxidation stability of binary biodiesel blend

Catalyst and Elemental Analysis Involving Biodiesel from Various Feedstocks

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