Storage of hyperentanglement in a solid-state quantum memory

Tiranov, Alexey; Lavoie, Jonathan; Ferrier, Alban; Goldner, Philippe; Verma, Varun B.; Nam, Sae Woo; Mirin, Richard P.; Lita, Adriana E.; Marsili, Francesco; Herrmann, Harald; Silberhorn, Christine; Gisin, Nicolas; Afzelius, Mikael; Bussières, Félix

doi:10.1364/optica.2.000279

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The Nd 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 crystal was first introduced in the field of quantum information with the demonstration of storage of light at the single-photon level in 2010 [14]. Since then it has been used in numerous quantum storage experiments [15,35,[43][44][45] and in coherent storage of microwave excitations [23]. A nanophotonic cavity has also been fabricated in a Nd 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 crystal, showing enhanced interaction between Nd 3+ ions and light [46].…”

Section: Cross Relaxationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral hole lifetimes and spin population relaxation dynamics in neodymium-doped yttrium orthosilicate

et al. 2017

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We present a detailed study of the lifetime of optical spectral holes due to population storage in Zeeman sublevels of Nd 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 . The lifetime is measured as a function of magnetic field strength and orientation, temperature, and Nd 3+ doping concentration. At the lowest temperature of 3 K we find a general trend where the lifetime is short at low field strengths, then increases to a maximum lifetime at a few hundred mT, and then finally decays rapidly for high field strengths. This behavior can be modeled with a relaxation rate dominated by Nd 3+ -Nd 3+ cross relaxation at low fields and spin lattice relaxation at high magnetic fields. The maximum lifetime depends strongly on both the field strength and orientation, due to the competition between these processes and their different angular dependencies. The cross relaxation limits the maximum lifetime for concentrations as low as 30 ppm of Nd 3+ ions. By decreasing the concentration to less than 1 ppm we could completely eliminate the cross relaxation, reaching a lifetime of 3.8 s at 3 K. At higher temperatures the spectral hole lifetime is limited by the magnetic-field-independent Raman and Orbach processes. In addition we show that the cross relaxation rate can be strongly reduced by creating spectrally large holes of the order of the optical inhomogeneous broadening. Our results are important for the development and design of new rare-earth-ion doped crystals for quantum information processing and narrow-band spectral filtering for biological tissue imaging.

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Section: Cross Relaxationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral hole lifetimes and spin population relaxation dynamics in neodymium-doped yttrium orthosilicate

et al. 2017

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“…Therefore, a sufficient demonstration of hyperentanglement requires completely independent measurements for every DOF34 or joint measurements including multiple DOFs10. However, because of the low count rate of photons in cold atomic media (see Supplementary Note 4) and the different memory efficiencies between different DOFs, the ability to employ joint measurements including multiple DOFs is limited because this method requires quite a long measurement time and is subject to low fidelity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past decade, the quantum storage of entanglement in single DOFs has been achieved in many different quantum memory systems282930313233; however, the storage of entanglement in multiple DOFs is still a challenge because of the difficulty of simultaneously achieving coherent control of multiple DOFs. Recently, the quantum storage of 2⊗2 hyperentanglement in the polarization and time-bin DOFs in a solid memory was reported34; in that study, light-memory hyperentanglement was established using the atomic frequency comb technique. However, memory–memory entanglement in multiple DOFs, which would represent a critical step towards a multi-DOF quantum network, has not yet been reported.…”

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Experimental realization of entanglement in multiple degrees of freedom between two quantum memories

et al. 2016

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Entanglement in multiple degrees of freedom has many benefits over entanglement in a single one. The former enables quantum communication with higher channel capacity and more efficient quantum information processing and is compatible with diverse quantum networks. Establishing multi-degree-of-freedom entangled memories is not only vital for high-capacity quantum communication and computing, but also promising for enhanced violations of nonlocality in quantum systems. However, there have been yet no reports of the experimental realization of multi-degree-of-freedom entangled memories. Here we experimentally established hyper- and hybrid entanglement in multiple degrees of freedom, including path (K-vector) and orbital angular momentum, between two separated atomic ensembles by using quantum storage. The results are promising for achieving quantum communication and computing with many degrees of freedom.

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“…In our framework, this is equivalent to saying that there exist genuinely quantum channels that would never pass this test [32].4. Bell tests are very fragile with respect to losses (during storage or detection) [18,33].Experimental violations of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality (CHSH) [34] have been reported for quantum memories [35][36][37], but without closing all loopholes (in particular the detection and locality loopholes). Ideally then, we would like to lift all the above four assumptions and construct tests that:1.…”

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confidence: 99%

Resource Theory of Quantum Memories and Their Faithful Verification with Minimal Assumptions

2018

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We provide a complete set of game-theoretic conditions equivalent to the existence of a transformation from one quantum channel into another one, by means of classically correlated pre/post processing maps only. Such conditions naturally induce tests to certify that a quantum memory is capable of storing quantum information, as opposed to memories that can be simulated by measurement and state preparation (corresponding to entanglement-breaking channels). These results are formulated as a resource theory of genuine quantum memories (correlated in time), mirroring the resource theory of entanglement in quantum states (correlated spatially). As the set of conditions is complete, the corresponding tests are faithful, in the sense that any non entanglement-breaking channel can be certified. Moreover, they only require the assumption of trusted inputs, known to be unavoidable for quantum channel verification. As such, the tests we propose are intrinsically different from the usual process tomography, for which the probes of both the input and the output of the channel must be trusted. An explicit construction is provided and shown to be experimentally realizable, even in the presence of arbitrarily strong losses in the memory or detectors.Consider a vendor selling quantum devices purportedly able of storing quantum information for a period of time. However, during their operation, the devices always break the entanglement between the stored subsystem and any other subsystem. Such devices are arguably useless as quantum memories; for example, they would not be able to establish entangled links in a quantum repeater scheme [1,2]. In the terminology of quantum channels [3][4][5], those devices correspond to entanglementbreaking (EB) channels [6,7], which are exactly equivalent to the measure-and-prepare channels depicted in Fig. 1. Measure-and-prepare channels are implemented by measuring the input state, storing the classical information corresponding to the measurement outcome for the required duration, and then using that information to prepare a quantum state. Even though strictly speaking, such channels are quantum channels (since they act upon an input quantum system), they actually transmit only classical information from the input to the output. Thus, in constructing a quantum memory, one aims to produce a device that could retain some correlations between the stored system and remote systems.Due to its relevance in quantum information science, the benchmarking of quantum memories has been extensively considered in the literature [8][9][10][11][12]. An obvious way to verify whether a channel is EB or not is by performing process tomography [13][14][15], that is, by feeding through the channel a tomographically complete set of states and performing a tomographically complete measurement at the output. By collecting sufficient statistics, it is possible to reconstruct the process matrix corresponding to the channel up to any desired level of accuracy, and check whether the channel is EB or not. This scheme, however...

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Storage of hyperentanglement in a solid-state quantum memory

Cited by 44 publications

References 40 publications

Spectral hole lifetimes and spin population relaxation dynamics in neodymium-doped yttrium orthosilicate

Spectral hole lifetimes and spin population relaxation dynamics in neodymium-doped yttrium orthosilicate

Experimental realization of entanglement in multiple degrees of freedom between two quantum memories

Resource Theory of Quantum Memories and Their Faithful Verification with Minimal Assumptions

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