1983
DOI: 10.1021/i300012a018
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Storage stability of synfuels from oil shale. 1. General features of sediment formation in model fuel systems

Abstract: The general features of sediment formation in middle distillate fuels were investigated. The effect of nitrogen compounds on sediment formation was determined by using pure nitrogen compounds in model petroleum-derived fuel systems. The rate of sediment formation was dependent on the presence of nitrogen compounds, the nature of the diluent employed, and the storage conditions. Detailed studies of the effects of reaction conditions were carried out witii 2,5-dimethylpyrrole (DMP) as the model. Air, increased t… Show more

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Cited by 59 publications
(34 citation statements)
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“…Linear plots, analogous to those in Figure 1, were obtained with most of the crude and moderate refined middle distillates. They are quite similar to those obtained with model nitrogen compounds of the pyrrole and indole type (Frankenfeld et al, 1983a;Frankenfeld and Taylor, 1982). These plots remain linear with time for extended storage periods (in excess of 100 days at 43.3 "C; Taylor, 1981, 1982).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 85%
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“…Linear plots, analogous to those in Figure 1, were obtained with most of the crude and moderate refined middle distillates. They are quite similar to those obtained with model nitrogen compounds of the pyrrole and indole type (Frankenfeld et al, 1983a;Frankenfeld and Taylor, 1982). These plots remain linear with time for extended storage periods (in excess of 100 days at 43.3 "C; Taylor, 1981, 1982).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 85%
“…This fuel had undergone mild upgrading by distillation and hydrotreating. In the cases of crude and partially refined shale middle distillates, sediment formation appears to be caused mainly by autoxidative self-condensation of the heterocyclic nitrogen compounds present (Frankenfeld et al, 1983a). This is inferred from the elemental analyses of the sediments obtained (fuels A, B, and D in Table VII) which show high nitrogen and oxygen but low sulfur values and from the fact that heterocyclic nitrogen compounds are reduced in quantity during storage (Table VI).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 95%
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“…Charge-transfer complexes can be distinguished from organic free radicals by the different effects of temperature on their ESR spectra (Alger 1968), and such measurements are planned for future research in this project. In any case, the presence of organic free radicals in a liquid raises the possibility of radical-mediated chain polymerizations which may cause the formation of undesirable gums and other sediments in these liquids (Frankenfeld et al 1983). …”
Section: Changes In Chemical Composition Due To Exposurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fuel storage stability may be assessed by a range of techniques including induction times, peroxide formation and sediment formation [5][6][7][8][9]. Those chosen for this study were oxidation induction time and peroxide formation.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%