Strabismus: A Study of 1,110 Consecutive Cases⋆

Fletcher, Mary C.; Silverman, Sheppy J.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(66)90279-0

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…While a consecutive esotropia resolves spontaneously over time in most patients, a consective esotropia may persist in 6–20% of overcorrections. (Burian and Spivey 1965; Fletcher and Silverman 1966; Von Noorden 1969; Hardesty, Boynton et al 1978) In a child, a persistent consecutive esotropia may result in diplopia and the loss of stereopsis and the development of amblyopia. Dawson et al (Dawson, Marshman et al 1999) reported that Botulinum Toxin A (BTXA) was an effective treatment for a persistent consecutive esotropia in patients with binocular vision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulinum Toxin A Treatment of Consecutive Esotropia in Children

Couser

Lambert

2012

Strabismus

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Objective To assess the outcome of Botulinum A toxin (BTXA) to treat surgically overcorrected intermittent exotropia in children. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on a series of children with consecutive esotropia treated with BTXA. Results Six children with a mean consecutive esotropia of 21 PD were treated with BTXA at a mean of 19.8 months following strabismus surgery. Two patients underwent a single injection, 3 patients 2 injections, and 1 patient 3 injections. Complications included transient ptosis and a vertical deviation. Mean follow-up from last BTXA injection was 16 months. At last follow-up, 4 of the 6 patients were orthotropic and stereopsis was present in 4 of 5 patients old enough to cooperate with testing. One patient was treated with strabismus surgery following a single BTXA injection. Conclusions BTXA is an efficacious treatment for consecutive esotropia in children. However, in our series, two-thirds of patients required multiple injections to achieve the desired outcome and one ultimately had an additional strabismus surgery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulinum Toxin A Treatment of Consecutive Esotropia in Children

Couser

Lambert

2012

Strabismus

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“…The prevalence of overcorrection after surgery has been reported to be 6-20%. [2][3][4] Overcorrection of exotropia in the early postoperative period, on the other hand, gives the best long-term results for intermittent exotropia. A surgical recession table modified from Parks is used for determining the optimal surgical dosage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral lateral rectus recession considering the tendon width in intermittent exotropia

2009

Eye

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Purpose The tendon width of the lateral rectus muscle can be a useful indicator of the effect of unilateral lateral rectus recession in intermittent exotropia. 1 The aim of this study was to determine whether the tendon width of lateral rectus would be useful for predicting the effect of bilateral lateral rectus (BLR) recession. Methods We studied a total of 45 patients between 3 and 15 years of age who had undergone bilateral rectus recession for the basic type of intermittent exotropia. The actual effect of lateral recession was calculated by adding the absolute value of the angle of preoperative deviation and the postoperative deviation on the second day and dividing the figure by the total amount of recession. We then calculated the hypothetical effect of lateral rectus recession, considering the tendon width of each eye, and added the effects of both eyes. The hypothetical effects were defined as 3 PD when the tendon width was 8-8.5 mm; 3.5 PD when it was 7-7.5 mm; and 2.5 PD when it was 9-9.5 mm, based upon earlier statistical analysis. 1 We compared both effects using a paired t-test. Results The mean difference between the actual and the hypothetical effects of BLR recession in all patients was 2.88 PD (P ¼ 0.001, range: 0-5.50 PD). However, when the amount of preoperative exodeviation was below 25 PD, the differences were not statistically significant (P ¼ 0.086). Conclusion The tendon width may also be useful indicator in BLR recession if the preoperative exodeviation is below 25 PD.

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“…It has been reported thus far that the prevalence of consecutive esotropia ranged from 6% to 20% 11-13. We reported that the incidence of consecutive esotropia of patients older than 15 years and patients 15 years or younger was 0% and 8.3%, respectively, which means that all esodeviations in the older group improved within six months following surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Consecutive Esodeviation After Exotropia Surgery in Patients Older than 15 Years: Comparison with Younger Patients

Park

Kong

Baek

2008

Korean J Ophthalmol

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PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical course of esodeviation after exotropia surgery in older patients (older than 15 years) and to compare it with that in younger patients (15 years or younger).MethodsThe medical records of all surgeries for exodeviation from December 2004 to February 2007 were reviewed and 82 patients were found with consecutive esodeviation. The patients were divided into two groups according to their age: Group A (patients older than 15 years) and Group B (patients age 15 or younger). The clinical course of esodeviation in Group A was compared to that in Group B by means of survival analysis.ResultsThe median survival times of the esodeviation were 2.0±0.1 months in Group A and 1.0±0.1 months in Group B (p=0.40). The prevalence of consecutive esotropia at six months was 0% in Group A and 6.1% in Group B (p=0.32). The myopic refractive error, worse sensory condition, and a larger preoperative exodeviation in Group A did not affect the clinical course of the two groups differently.ConclusionsThe postoperative esodeviation of patients older than 15 years after exotropia surgery tended to persist longer during the early postoperative period than that of patients 15 years or younger, however, the difference did not persist at postoperative six months.

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Strabismus: A Study of 1,110 Consecutive Cases⋆

Cited by 31 publications

References 3 publications

Botulinum Toxin A Treatment of Consecutive Esotropia in Children

Botulinum Toxin A Treatment of Consecutive Esotropia in Children

Bilateral lateral rectus recession considering the tendon width in intermittent exotropia

Consecutive Esodeviation After Exotropia Surgery in Patients Older than 15 Years: Comparison with Younger Patients

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