Strain improvement in the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus

Elliott, Tim; Langton, F. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00033675

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The strain improvement of A. bisporus has remained recalcitrant work because of two main reasons: the predominantly homothallic life cycle that mostly leads to produce self-fertile binucleate spores and the lack of morphological features that result in the isolation of homokaryons is very difficult. This type of sexual behavior hampers outcrossing and limits breeding success (Elliott and Langton, 1981). The early strain improvement work was based on selection giving higher yields than the parental strains because the fertile single spores from an individual sporophore differed in growth rate, appearance of the mycelia, sporophore morphology and in productivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varietal characteristics of new white button mushroom 'Seolwon' in Agaricus bisporus

Lee¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2014

Journal of Mushroom

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Commonly known as the button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus is one of the most widely cultivated mushroom species of edible fungi. In the breeding of new button mushroom, Seolwon was developed by crossing two homokaryons. Because of the predominantly pseudohomothallic life cycle, only a small percentage of homokaryotic meiospores are produced, which do not fruit. Homokaryotic cultures derived from these types of single spores produce a vegetative mycelium that contain a variable number of genetically identical nuclei per cell. After crossing two homokaryons, hybrids were cultivated on a small scale and on a commercial scale at a farm. The spawn was made by a commercial spawn producer and the spawned compost by a commercial compost producer. Mycelial growth of Seolwon on CDA was better at 25 o C when it was compared with that of Seolgang. The mature cap shape of new strain Seolwon is oblate spheroid and the immature cap shape is round to oblate spheroid. The cap diameter was 39.7 mm on average. In comparison with white strain Seolgang, the strain had a yield that was 11% higher. It produced fruiting bodies which had a higher weight on average per fruiting body and were 9.7% firmer with a good shelf life. Days of fruiting body were 1-2 days later than those of Seolgang. The physical characteristics such as springiness, chewiness, adhesiveness, gumminess were better than that of Seolgang.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varietal characteristics of new white button mushroom 'Seolwon' in Agaricus bisporus

Lee¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2014

Journal of Mushroom

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“…as well as the low rate of basidiospore germination, this is a very tedious process (7). Isolation of the nuclear components of a constructed heterokaryon of this species from colonies of regenerated protoplasts was shown previously to be feasible (1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in the Mushrooms Agaricus brunnescens and Agaricus bitorquis

Castle

Horgen

Anderson

1987

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Two Agaricus species, A. brunnescens (a commercial mushroom) and A. bitorquis (a wild, edible species), were examined for restriction fragment length polymorphisms. EcoRI-digested nuclear DNA from isolates of both species were cloned in plasmid vector pUC18. Ten random recombinant clones were used in Southern DNA-DNA hybridizations to probe EcoRI-digested DNA from 11 A. brunnescens isolates (7 commercial, 2 wild type, and 2 homokaryotic) and 7 A. bitorquis isolates. Most cloned fragments were polymorphic in both species. There were fewer different genotypes than expected, however, in the sample of commercial A. brunnescens strains. DNA from homokaryotic strains showed fewer bands in most hybridizations than DNA from heterokaryotic strains. All A. bitorquis isolates could be distinguished from each other as well as from every A. brunnescens strain. Putative homokaryons were detected by the loss of polymorphic bands among protoplast regenerates from one commercial strain and two strains collected in the wild.

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“…Breeding by outcrossing is relatively new in the button mushroom industry. Before the first strains produced by outcrossing reached the market, new cultivars were normally generated from existing cultivars by selecting heterokaryotic SSI or by generating multi-spore cultures (Elliott and Langton 1981 ; Fritsche 1981 ). Mainly three types of cultivars were used at that time for mushroom production, white, off-white and brown strains (Fritsche 1981 ).…”

Section: The Origin Of Button Mushroom Cultivarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in breeding of Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus: progress made and technical and legal hurdles to take

Sonnenberg

Baars

Gao

et al. 2017

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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True breeding of button mushrooms has hardly been done in the last decades, despite this species being one of the most cultivated mushrooms worldwide. Research done in the last 20 years has identified and characterised new germplasm and improved our understanding of the genetic base for some traits. A substantial collection of wild-collected strains is now available and partly characterised for a number of important traits such as disease resistance and yield. Most of the variations found in a number of important agronomic traits have a considerable heritability and are thus useful for breeding. Genetic marker technology has also developed considerably for this mushrooms in the last decade and used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for important agronomic traits. This progress has, except for one example, not resulted so far into new commercially varieties. One of the reasons lies in the typical life cycle of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus which hampers breeding. Joint investment is needed to solve technical problems in breeding. Special attention is needed for the protection of new varieties. Due to its typical life cycle, it is very easy to generate so called “look-a-likes” from protected cultivars by screening fertile single spore cultures. A consensus has been reached within the mushroom (breeding) industry to consider this method as the generation of essentially derived varieties as defined in plant breeding.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00253-017-8102-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Strain improvement in the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus

Cited by 22 publications

References 16 publications

Varietal characteristics of new white button mushroom 'Seolwon' in Agaricus bisporus

Varietal characteristics of new white button mushroom 'Seolwon' in Agaricus bisporus

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms in the Mushrooms Agaricus brunnescens and Agaricus bitorquis

Developments in breeding of Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus: progress made and technical and legal hurdles to take

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