Strain relaxation in epitaxial Pt films on (001) SrTiO3

Son, Junwoo; Cagnon, Joël; Stemmer, Susanne

doi:10.1063/1.3207795

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Such large strain is energetically much less favorable than the 0.46% in the present work. It has been shown that (100)‐oriented 13 nm thick Pt films prepared by sputtering exhibited 0.3% out‐of‐plane strain. The twin structures observed from transmission electron microscopy were most likely responsible for an earlier onset of strain relaxation compared to the (100) Pt presented in this work, where no twinning has been observed in XRD or SEM studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuning the Surface Electrochemistry by Strained Epitaxial Pt Thin Film Model Electrodes Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Temmel

Fabbri

Pergolesi

et al. 2016

Adv Materials Inter

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toward different reactions such as methanol [ 1 ] or ethanol [ 2,3 ] oxidation, hydrogen oxidation, [ 4 ] and oxygen reduction reaction. [ 5,6 ] However, the slow kinetics of some of these reactions results in great losses concerning the respective energy conversion effi ciencies. This drawback, together with Pt dissolution phenomena requires a large amount of Pt at the electrode. The accompanying cost and scarcity of Pt represent the prime impediments toward a broad practical application of fuel cells. Electrode interface properties play a decisive role in controlling the electrocatalytic performance. [ 7 ] Since Pt-based materials are to date the best electrocatalysts for these reactions, [ 8 ] extensive research has been dedicated to develop novel Pt-based catalyst architectures with a specifi cally tailored electrode-electrolyte interface. In recent years it has been demonstrated that strain on metal surfaces can have a signifi cant impact on the adsorbate's binding energies and on the activation energy barrier for adsorption processes. [ 9 ] In this regard, core-shell nanoparticles (NPs), where an outer monolayer (ML) of Pt is supported on another metal [ 10,11 ] or on Pt-alloy NPs [ 12 ] have been designed. The strain in these systems is generated due to the difference in lattice constant between the outer ML and the core of the NP. When the top ML adapts its crystal lattice to the underlying core lattice, depending on the sign of the lattice misfi t the ensuing stress induces tensile or compressive lattice distortions (strain).In general, surface strain can also be generated by deposition of ultrathin (few ML thick) metal fi lms on substrates. [ 3,[13][14][15] One strategy utilizes the galvanic displacement of an underpotentially deposited (UPD) copper-ML by Pt on various substrates. [ 3,13 ] The strained Pt MLs reveal a substantial increase in activity toward methanol and ethanol electrooxidation. The electrochemical behavior of ultrathin Pt fi lms of varying thickness evaporated on Ru(0001) substrates was also examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). [ 16 ] It was found that the reversible adsorption of H and OH strongly depends on the Pt thickness and in turn the extent of the strain induced in the Pt surface. Recently, another approach involved growing ultrathin Pt fi lms on W(111) substrates with varying Pt thickness of 2.2, 3.3, and A novel approach for tailoring strained Pt model electrocatalysts using pulsed laser deposition is presented. The physical properties of Pt fi lms grown on single-crystalline (100)-and (111)-oriented strontium titanate depend signifi cantly on the various deposition parameters (e.g., fl uence, temperature, background atmosphere, postannealing, and number of process steps), as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray studies. By properly selecting the deposition conditions, thin, epitaxial, and strained (100)-and (111)-oriented Pt fi lms suitable as model electrodes can be prepared. Cyclic voltammetry measurements indicate that the strain in the Pt fi lms changes sig...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several deposition techniques can in principle be used to produce thin Pt films. They vary from electrodeposition, sputtering, e‐beam evaporation, and atomic layer deposition to PLD . PLD is a technique used for the thin films preparation for a variety of materials .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the Surface Electrochemistry by Strained Epitaxial Pt Thin Film Model Electrodes Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Temmel

Fabbri

Pergolesi

et al. 2016

Adv Materials Inter

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“…25 Pt grows in cube-on-cube epitaxial orientation on SrTiO 3 . 25 Pt films were post-growth annealed at 1000 C for 10 min in oxygen.…”

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“…25 Pt grows in cube-on-cube epitaxial orientation on SrTiO 3 . 25 Pt films were post-growth annealed at 1000 C for 10 min in oxygen. BST films were grown by MBE (GEN 930 Veeco instrument), using solid source effusion cells for supplying Ba and Sr and a metal organic precursor for Ti (titanium tetra isopropoxide or TTIP), i.e., the hybrid approach used previously for SrTiO 3 , described elsewhere.…”

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Electric field-tunable BaxSr1−xTiO3 films with high figures of merit grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Mikheev

Kajdos

Hauser

et al. 2012

Applied Physics Letters

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We report on the dielectric properties of BaxSr1−xTiO3 (BST) films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on epitaxial Pt bottom electrodes. Paraelectric films (x ≲ 0.5) exhibit dielectric losses that are similar to those of BST single crystals and ceramics. Films with device quality factors greater than 1000 and electric field tunabilities exceeding 1:5 are demonstrated. The results provide evidence for the importance of stoichiometry control and the use of a non-energetic deposition technique for achieving high figures of merit of tunable devices with BST thin films.

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“…Epitaxial Pt bottom electrodes, 100-nm-thick, were grown on (001) SrTiO 3 single crystals by DC sputtering, as described elsewhere, 16 and annealed at 1000 C for 10 min in oxygen. BST films were grown by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy, described previously.…”

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confidence: 99%

Role of film stoichiometry and interface quality in the performance of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 tunable capacitors with high figures of merit

Freeze

Stemmer

2016

Applied Physics Letters

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Parallel plate capacitors with quality factors exceeding 1000 were fabricated using Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3 (BST) thin films grown by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy on epitaxial Pt bottom electrodes. The influence of film stoichiometry was investigated by varying the (Ba + Sr)/Ti ratio around the stoichiometric composition. The quality factor is highest for stoichiometric films, but (Ba + Sr)-rich films can be biased to higher fields. Furthermore, two different processes were used to deposit the top electrodes of the parallel plate capacitors. While the quality of the top contact/BST interface did not strongly affect the device quality factor, an enhancement in the dielectric tunability was seen for capacitors with top electrodes deposited at high temperatures, which effectively removes interfacial contamination layers.

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Strain relaxation in epitaxial Pt films on (001) SrTiO3

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Tuning the Surface Electrochemistry by Strained Epitaxial Pt Thin Film Model Electrodes Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Tuning the Surface Electrochemistry by Strained Epitaxial Pt Thin Film Model Electrodes Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition

Electric field-tunable BaxSr1−xTiO3 films with high figures of merit grown by molecular beam epitaxy

Role of film stoichiometry and interface quality in the performance of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 tunable capacitors with high figures of merit

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