Strain Variation among
            <i>Bordetella pertussis</i>
            Isolates in Finland, Where the Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccine Has Been Used for 50 Years

Elomaa, Annika; Advani, Abdolreza; Donnelly, Declan; Antila, Mia; Mertsola, Jussi; Hallander, Hans O.; He, Qiushui

doi:10.1128/jcm.43.8.3681-3687.2005

Cited by 88 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…First, by reducing the prevalence of infection, they reduce viral population size and thus the probability that antigenic escape mutants will arise. Second, although vaccination increases the growth rate of antigenically distant mutants relative to less distant mutants (which can lead to strain replacement in other pathogens [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]), it also increases the amount of immunity in the population. This increased immunity reduces the growth rate or invasion fitness of escape mutants, slowing the rate of strain replacement (SI 1.1, Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The beneficial effects of vaccination on the evolution of seasonal influenza

Wen

Malani

Cobey

2017

Preprint

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Although vaccines against seasonal influenza are designed to protect against currently circulating strains, they may also affect the emergence of antigenically divergent strains and thereby change the rate of antigenic evolution. Such evolutionary effects could change the benefits that vaccines confer to vaccinated individuals and the host population (i.e. private and social benefits). To investigate vaccinations potential evolutionary impacts, we simulated the dynamics of an influenza-like pathogen in an annually vaccinated host population. On average, vaccination decreased the cumulative amount of antigenic evolution of the viral population and the incidence of disease. Vaccination at a 5% random annual vaccination rate (48% cumulative vaccine coverage after 20 years) decreased cumulative evolution by 56% and incidence by 76%. To understand how the evolutionary effects of vaccination might affect its private and social benefits over multiple seasons, we fit linear panel models to simulated infection and vaccination histories. Including the evolutionary effects of vaccination lowered the private benefits by 14% but increased the social benefits by 30% (at a 5% annual vaccination rate) compared to when evolutionary effects were ignored. Thus, in the long term, vaccines' private benefits may be lower and social benefits may be greater than predicted by current measurements of vaccine impact, which do not capture long-term evolutionary effects. These results suggest that conventional vaccines against seasonal influenza could greatly reduce the burden of disease by slowing antigenic evolution like universal vaccines. Furthermore, vaccination's evolutionary effects compound a collective action problem, highlighting the importance on social policies concerning vaccination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The beneficial effects of vaccination on the evolution of seasonal influenza

Wen

Malani

Cobey

2017

Preprint

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“…A rise in non-vaccine alleles coincident with widespread vaccination has been documented for Bordetella pertussis (Elomaa et al 2005;Van Amersfoorth et al 2005;Van Gent et al 2009) leading some authors to propose that vaccine-driven epitope-evolution in B. pertussis is one factor-among several others (Berbers et al 2009)-that may contribute to whooping cough re-emergence in humans (Mooi et al 2001). However, it is not clear how Bordetella parapertussis-the other major aetiological agent of human whooping cough-might respond to the selective pressure exerted by large-scale pertussis vaccination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acellular pertussis vaccination facilitatesBordetella parapertussisinfection in a rodent model of bordetellosis

et al. 2010

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Despite over 50 years of population-wide vaccination, whooping cough incidence is on the rise. Although Bordetella pertussis is considered the main causative agent of whooping cough in humans, Bordetella parapertussis infections are not uncommon. The widely used acellular whooping cough vaccines (aP) are comprised solely of B. pertussis antigens that hold little or no efficacy against B. parapertussis. Here, we ask how aP vaccination affects competitive interactions between Bordetella species within co-infected rodent hosts and thus the aP-driven strength and direction of in-host selection. We show that aP vaccination helped clear B. pertussis but resulted in an approximately 40-fold increase in B. parapertussis lung colony-forming units (CFUs). Such vaccine-mediated facilitation of B. parapertussis did not arise as a result of competitive release; B. parapertussis CFUs were higher in aP-relative to sham-vaccinated hosts regardless of whether infections were single or mixed. Further, we show that aP vaccination impedes host immunity against B. parapertussis-measured as reduced lung inflammatory and neutrophil responses. Thus, we conclude that aP vaccination interferes with the optimal clearance of B. parapertussis and enhances the performance of this pathogen. Our data raise the possibility that widespread aP vaccination can create hosts more susceptible to B. parapertussis infection.

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“…Various explanations have been proposed, including increased ascertainment due to improved diagnostic methods, poor efficacy of particular batches of vaccine, and antigenic variation occurring in the bacterial population (7,27,28,30,34). There is evidence of antigenic change in bacterial virulence factors, such as pertactin, pertussis toxin, and fimbriae, and it has been suggested that this might compromise vaccine-mediated immunity against circulating isolates (6,11,17,23,26,27,40).…”

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confidence: 99%