Stranded Marine Turtles in Northeastern Brazil: Incidence and Spatial–Temporal Distribution of Fibropapillomatosis

Silva-Júnior, Edson Soares da; Farias, Daniel Solon Dias de; Bomfim, Aline da Costa; Freire, Augusto Carlos da Bôaviagem; Revorêdo, Rafael Ângelo; Rossi, Silmara; Matushima, Eliana Reiko; Grisi-Filho, José Henrique Hildebrand; Silva, Flávio José de Lima; Gavilan, Simone Almeida

doi:10.2744/ccb-1359.1

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Reportedly, of all green sea turtles stranding, over 40% in Florida, 30% in Hawaii, 35% in Texas, 35% in northeastern Brazil, 34% at Príncipe Island in the Gulf of Guinea, and 50% in Puerto Rico are FP-afflicted 12 , 18 – 22 . Many of these sites have seen a rapid increase in disease prevalence over recent years; for instance, from 13.3 to 42% (2005–2016) in Florida, 13.2 to 35.3% (2012–2015) in northeastern Brazil, and 0 to 35.2% (2009–2018) in Texas, with the occurrence of FP in Texas beginning in 2010 at a rate of 0.6% 12 , 18 – 21 . In contrast, the incidence of FP in Hawaii has been declining, as of 2014 (the most recent year on record) 44% of stranded turtles had FP 12 , 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of a marine turtle tumor epizootic, profiling external, internal and postsurgical regrowth tumors

et al. 2021

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Sea turtle populations are under threat from an epizootic tumor disease (animal epidemic) known as fibropapillomatosis. Fibropapillomatosis continues to spread geographically, with prevalence of the disease also growing at many longer-affected sites globally. However, we do not yet understand the precise environmental, mutational and viral events driving fibropapillomatosis tumor formation and progression.Here we perform transcriptomic and immunohistochemical profiling of five fibropapillomatosis tumor types: external new, established and postsurgical regrowth tumors, and internal lung and kidney tumors. We reveal that internal tumors are molecularly distinct from the more common external tumors. However, they have a small number of conserved potentially therapeutically targetable molecular vulnerabilities in common, such as the MAPK, Wnt, TGFβ and TNF oncogenic signaling pathways. These conserved oncogenic drivers recapitulate remarkably well the core pan-cancer drivers responsible for human cancers. Fibropapillomatosis has been considered benign, but metastatic-related transcriptional signatures are strongly activated in kidney and established external tumors. Tumors in turtles with poor outcomes (died/euthanized) have genes associated with apoptosis and immune function suppressed, with these genes providing putative predictive biomarkers.Together, these results offer an improved understanding of fibropapillomatosis tumorigenesis and provide insights into the origins, inter-tumor relationships, and therapeutic treatment for this wildlife epizootic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of a marine turtle tumor epizootic, profiling external, internal and postsurgical regrowth tumors

et al. 2021

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“…Most published studies on green turtles were conducted at the spatial scale of a bay (up to ~80 km coastline, e.g., Moreton Bay in Australia [76]), island (up to ~85 km coastline, e.g., in La Martinique, France [66]) or along a relatively long stretch of coastline (up to ~60 km coastline, e.g., in Brazil [70]). Thus, to facilitate comparison, we computed the potential risk factors at a consistent scale, by calculating the metric of interest (min, max, mean, median, and standard deviation, etc.)…”

Section: Data Consolidation and Spatial Scale Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Turtles in the Cancer Risk Landscape: A Global Meta-Analysis of Fibropapillomatosis Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors

et al. 2021

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Several cancer risk factors (exposure to ultraviolet-B, pollution, toxins and pathogens) have been identified for wildlife, to form a “cancer risk landscape.” However, information remains limited on how the spatiotemporal variability of these factors impacts the prevalence of cancer in wildlife. Here, we evaluated the cancer risk landscape at 49 foraging sites of the globally distributed green turtle (Chelonia mydas), a species affected by fibropapillomatosis, by integrating data from a global meta-analysis of 31 publications (1994–2019). Evaluated risk factors included ultraviolet light exposure, eutrophication, toxic phytoplanktonic blooms, sea surface temperature, and the presence of mechanical vectors (parasites and symbiotic species). Prevalence was highest in areas where nutrient concentrations facilitated the emergence of toxic phytoplankton blooms. In contrast, ultraviolet light exposure and the presence of parasitic and/or symbiotic species did not appear to impact disease prevalence. Our results indicate that, to counter outbreaks of fibropapillomatosis, management actions that reduce eutrophication in foraging areas should be implemented.

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“…The FP epizootic has been identified as one of the five major threats to sea turtles, which has been reflected in the renewed scientific interest in this disease in the last decade [5,7,11,13,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Prevalence statistics reveal the rapid establishment of FP among many sea turtle populations, with reported increases from 13.3 to 42% in Florida, USA (2005-2016), 13.2 to 35.3% in northeastern Brazil (2012)(2013)(2014)(2015), 0% to 33% in Guinea-Bissau (2009-2019) and 0.6% to 35.2% in Texas, USA (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018) [7,17,[27][28][29][30][31]. The disease also continues to be reported in previously unaffected populations [32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Comparisons of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) Genomes from Fibropapillomatosis-Afflicted Green (Chelonia mydas), Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) and Kemp’s Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) Sea Turtles

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Farrell

et al. 2021

Animals

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The spreading global sea turtle fibropapillomatosis (FP) epizootic is threatening some of Earth’s ancient reptiles, adding to the plethora of threats faced by these keystone species. Understanding this neoplastic disease and its likely aetiological pathogen, chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5), is crucial to understand how the disease impacts sea turtle populations and species and the future trajectory of disease incidence. We generated 20 ChHV5 genomes, from three sea turtle species, to better understand the viral variant diversity and gene evolution of this oncogenic virus. We revealed previously underappreciated genetic diversity within this virus (with an average of 2035 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 1.54% of the ChHV5 genome) and identified genes under the strongest evolutionary pressure. Furthermore, we investigated the phylogeny of ChHV5 at both genome and gene level, confirming the propensity of the virus to be interspecific, with related variants able to infect multiple sea turtle species. Finally, we revealed unexpected intra-host diversity, with up to 0.15% of the viral genome varying between ChHV5 genomes isolated from different tumours concurrently arising within the same individual. These findings offer important insights into ChHV5 biology and provide genomic resources for this oncogenic virus.

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Stranded Marine Turtles in Northeastern Brazil: Incidence and Spatial–Temporal Distribution of Fibropapillomatosis

Cited by 19 publications

References 47 publications

Molecular characterization of a marine turtle tumor epizootic, profiling external, internal and postsurgical regrowth tumors

Molecular characterization of a marine turtle tumor epizootic, profiling external, internal and postsurgical regrowth tumors

Sea Turtles in the Cancer Risk Landscape: A Global Meta-Analysis of Fibropapillomatosis Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors

Evolutionary Comparisons of Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) Genomes from Fibropapillomatosis-Afflicted Green (Chelonia mydas), Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) and Kemp’s Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) Sea Turtles

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