Strangeness production in the new version of the Liège intranuclear cascade model

Abstract

The capabilities of the new version of the Liège Intra-Nuclear Cascade model (INCL++6) are presented in detail. This new version INCL is able to handle strange particles, such as kaons and the Λ particle, and the associated reactions and also allows extending nucleon-nucleon collisions up to about 15 − 20 GeV incident energy. Compared to the previous version, new observables can be studied, e.g., kaon, hyperon, and hypernuclei production cross sections (with the use of a suitable de-excitation code) as well as aspects of kaon-induced spallation reactions. The main purpose of this paper is to present the specific ingredients of the new INCL version and its new features, notably the new variance reduction scheme. We also compare for some illustrative strangeness production cases calculated using this version of INCL with experimental data.

The REDTOP experiment: Rare $η/η^{\prime}$ Decays To Probe New Physics

“…2. Except for one case [211], the nucleons generated in the final state is considered as isolated (i.e, un-aggregated) particles, rather than as clusters of, eventually excited, ions.…”

Hypernuclei formation in spallation reactions by coupling the Liège intranuclear cascade model to the deexcitation code ABLA

“…In this work, we use the latest C++ version of the Liège intranuclear cascade model INCL++ 6.0 [50], which is equivalent to the reference FORTRAN INCL4.6 version [66][67][68], but includes the formation of hyperremnants. Hereafter, we will refer to this version as the INCL model, for simplicity.…”

“…Nucleons move along straight trajectories until they undergo a collision with another nucleon or until they reach the surface, where they eventually escape. The latest version of the INCL also includes isospin-and energy-dependent nucleus potentials calculated according to optical models [68], isospin-dependent pion potentials [69], as well as meson and strange particle potentials [47,49,50]. We emphasize that the parametrization of the particle potential was changed with respect to our previous publications and in this work we use a potential of 30 MeV for symmetric nuclei, instead of the initial value of 28 MeV given in Refs.…”

“…We emphasize that the parametrization of the particle potential was changed with respect to our previous publications and in this work we use a potential of 30 MeV for symmetric nuclei, instead of the initial value of 28 MeV given in Refs. [49,50]. Additionally, Pauli principle is considered by means of statistical blocking factors and strict ones for the first nucleon-nucleon collision [43].…”

“…On the one hand, the Liège intranuclear-cascade model (INCL) has been recently extended toward high energies (≈20 GeV) including new interaction processes such as multipion production [45,46], production of η and ω mesons [47], and strange particles like kaons and hyperons [48][49][50]. This new version of INCL permits us to predict the formation of hot hyperremnants and their characterization in atomic (Z) and mass (A) numbers, strangeness number (l S ), excitation energy, and angular momenta.…”