“…Some have carried out campaigns or counseling and assistance to implement 3R, set up waste banks, compost, decompose organic waste using magot, make regulations on waste, supervise and enforce laws, and provide adequate facilities and infrastructure, efficient transport routes using GPS. There are even areas that have converted waste into energy (Alqahtani et al, 2022;Bulekova et al, 2022;Fauzan et al, 2022;Janetasari & Bokányi, 2022;Ramaditya et al, 526 2022;Pratama et al, 2022;Sulistyaningsih, 2022;Sunaryani, 2022;Wahyuni et al, 2022;Xu et al, 2017). However, until now, waste management has not been satisfactory; for example, the 3R activities, namely reuse, reduce, and recycling, have not run optimally (Brotosusilo et al, 2022;Grishaeva et al, 2022;Mwanza et al, 2018;Ramaditya et al, 2021;Oktariani et al, 2022;Sulistyaningsih, 2022;Wahyuni et al, 2022).…”