Strategic design unsaturated polyester resins composites with excellent flame retardancy and high tensile strength

Hu, Shuanglin; Li, Yingming; Hu, Wen-Juan; Hobson, Jose; Wang, De‐Yi

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110190

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For the Raman spectra of residues, the ratio of integrated intensity between D band (1360 cm −1 ) and G band (1580 cm −1 ) (I D /I G ) can be used to evaluate the graphitization degree of residue [62,63] . A higher graphitization degree of char means a denser char layer, corresponding to a better flame retardancy [22,49] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Residue char (wt %) residue. [62,63] A higher graphitization degree of char means a denser char layer, corresponding to a better flame retardancy. [22,49] As shown in Figure 8, the I D /I G values follow the order of GP5-PUE (1.89) < GN5-PUE (1.98) < B5-PUE (2.44), indicating that GAP and GAN contributed to form the residues with higher graphitization degree, which will have better flame retardancy as a protective layer.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Modified Gallic Acids as Both Reactive Flame Retardants and Cross‐Linkers for the Fabrication of Flame‐Retardant Polyurethane Elastomers

Wang,

Zhou,

et al. 2023

ChemistrySelect

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Polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) serve a vital role in our daily life and various industrial applications, but their flammability has been proven to be a significant drawback. In this work, we have successfully fabricated two modified gallic acids (GAP and GAN) by simple esterification, both of which are effective flame retardants and cross‐linkers for PUEs. According to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests, the introduction of GAP and GAN conspicuously improves the char yield (4.9~5.8 wt.%) and LOI value of PUEs (33~35 %). The cone calorimetry tests suggest that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of PUE decrease significantly, while the fire performance index (FPI) value increase after GAP or GAN modification. Both GAP and GAN enhance the density and strength of carbon residues, and inhibit the generation of combustible volatile gas during the combustion process, thereby improving the fire safety of PUEs. In addition, both GAP and GAN contain multiple benzene rings and hydrogen bonding, which can improve the cross‐linking density of PUEs to enhance their mechanical properties (the elongation at break: 844~951 %; tensile strength: 6.37~8.13 MPa).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Gallic Acids as Both Reactive Flame Retardants and Cross‐Linkers for the Fabrication of Flame‐Retardant Polyurethane Elastomers

Wang,

Zhou,

et al. 2023

ChemistrySelect

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“…28−30 A particular type of thermally and mechanically stable polymer used in composite fabrication is an unsaturated polyester resin, which mostly contains unsaturated double bonds and ester bonds through a polycondensation reaction involving unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and either saturated dicarboxylic acid or unsaturated diol. 31,32 An "unsaturated polyester resin (UPR)″ is frequently reinforced with fiber materials for employment as composites.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Composite biomaterials that are slightly resorbable, nonresorbable, and completely resorbable are additional classifications of avital composites. − The nonresorbable combinations are not meant to break down within the tissue’s surroundings . Extended use of implants including substitutions of joints, bone grafts, spinal tubes, plates, orthodontic care, tendons, and ligaments show the most promise for them. − A particular type of thermally and mechanically stable polymer used in composite fabrication is an unsaturated polyester resin, which mostly contains unsaturated double bonds and ester bonds through a polycondensation reaction involving unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and either saturated dicarboxylic acid or unsaturated diol. , An “unsaturated polyester resin (UPR)″ is frequently reinforced with fiber materials for employment as composites. Polyesters that contain either unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and anhydride (often maleic anhydride) or saturated dicarboxylic acid and anhydride (usually phthalic anhydride) are referred to as unsaturated polyesters. , When two organic acid components combine with one or more alcohols, it forms a large polyester chain .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of a Bioscaffold Using Hydroxyapatite and Unsaturated Polyester Resin

Kawcher Alam,

Sahadat Hossain,

Anisur Rahman Dayan

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Outstanding biodegradability and biocompatibility are attributes associated with particular polyester substances that make this group useful in specific biomedical fields. To assess the potential as a biomaterial, a novel composite consisting of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) was developed in this work. Using a hand-lay-up technique, various percentages (50, 40, 30, 20, and 10%) of HAp were reinforced into the UPR matrix to fabricate composite materials out of glass sheets. Prior to processing of the composite samples, hydroxyapatite was chemically synthesized in a wet chemical manner. Using a universal testing machine (UTM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the fabricated samples were characterized. The crystallographic parameters of synthesized hydroxyapatite (HAp) were also estimated through a range of formulas. The optimal amount for hydroxyapatite was 40% according to the findings of the tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), percentage of elongation at break (EB), bending strength (BS), and bending modulus (BM). Improvements in TS, TM, BS, and BM for the ideal combination were 39.39, 9.21, 912.05, and 259.96%, in each case, over the controlled one. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been implemented to determine the degradation temperature of the fabricated composites up to 600 °C.

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“…A range of functional chemicals or oligomers have been employed as reactive components or additives to generate flame-retardant VER, according to current study [10][11][12][13]. Phosphorus-containing flame retardants are one of the most promising alternatives to halogen-based systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ effects on vinyl ester resin’s flammability and mechanical properties after adding maleated epoxy resin/epoxidized corn oil thermoset blend additive

Cabo,

Prabhakar,

Lee

et al. 2023

Preprint

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With a global annual output of over 65 million tons and accounting for over 20% of all polymeric materials made today, thermoset polymers serve a significant role in modern industrial applications such as plastic and rubber. The high-density crosslinks not only give useful properties like as chemical and thermal resistance to the thermoset, but also make it difficult to modify. Here, using a maleated eco-thermoset blend additive (50% v/v) synthesized from epoxidized corn oil and epoxy resins (MEPECO), we show that adding an optimal amount of 5% MEPECO to vinyl ester (VE) resin improved flammability properties as analyzed by microcalorimeter, contact angle, and thermogravimetric analyzer. Using flexural testing and spectral analysis, the mechanical properties enhanced considerably in terms of strength and modulus with the same optimal amount of MEPECO. However, impact energy is much lower during digestion of the eco-thermoset resin due to shear yielding localization, as demonstrated by morphological analysis. The utility of these aliphatic polymers derived from epoxidised corn oil as a precursor of effective synergistic effects over petroleum-based epoxy resins was demonstrated in various engineering approaches for their potential application to green composites manufacturing.

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Strategic design unsaturated polyester resins composites with excellent flame retardancy and high tensile strength

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Modified Gallic Acids as Both Reactive Flame Retardants and Cross‐Linkers for the Fabrication of Flame‐Retardant Polyurethane Elastomers

Modified Gallic Acids as Both Reactive Flame Retardants and Cross‐Linkers for the Fabrication of Flame‐Retardant Polyurethane Elastomers

Fabrication and Characterization of a Bioscaffold Using Hydroxyapatite and Unsaturated Polyester Resin

In-situ effects on vinyl ester resin’s flammability and mechanical properties after adding maleated epoxy resin/epoxidized corn oil thermoset blend additive

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