Strategic measurement for the axis orientation and electro-optic coefficient of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> crystal thin film grown on MgO crystal with polarization modulations

Luo, Mengxi; Sun, DeGui; Sun, Na; Hu, Yuan; Zhang, Kaiping; Wang, Desong; Li, Yan; Xing, Bo; Xu, Yanming; Wu, Duanduan

doi:10.1364/ol.44.004215

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As the key advantages of ferroelectric material, the c-axis oriented BaTiO 3 crystal thin film has a much higher EO coefficient r 51 [25,26]. Figure 1(a) shows a schematic vision of several BaTiO 3 crystal refractive index distributions, where the grey part stands for the refractive index sphere of the ordinary light (o-light, n o ) and the red part stands for the refractive index ellipsoid of the extraordinary light (e-light, n e ,) and the z-coordinate is the optical axis of this crystal.…”

Section: Theory Of the Pockles Effect Based Refractive Index Modulati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned above, the device under test (DUT) uses the embedded configuration with an embedded depth of S z and an electrode gap of G x . As shown in figure 1(c), a drive voltage V d imposed onto the waveguide creates an electric field E(x, z) within the optical field E opt , and then the interaction efficiency between the E opt and E(x, z) is defined by [25,26]…”

Section: Theory Of the Pockles Effect Based Refractive Index Modulati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methodological analysis for the electrooptic coefficient and birefringence of BaTiO₃ crystal films with complementary polarization modulations

Sun

Han

et al. 2020

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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BaTiO3 crystal films, possessing advanced electrooptic (EO) properties, have spurred a broad interest in research and development of EO modulators for fiber-optic communications. However, the EO coefficient is still at uncontrollable and unoriented states despite it playing a crucial role in developing applicable industrial devices. In this work, accurate measurements of the EO coefficient r 51 and birefringence b e o of BaTiO3 crystal films are implemented with a theorem-based theoretical model, an embedded waveguide/electrode device configuration and a complementary modulation of both the linear and ellipse polarizations. Then, with two state-of-the-art device samples on different crystal films, the final average values of the r 51 and b e o are 410 ± 8 pm V−1 and −0.0208 ± 0.0003 for Sample-1 and 624 ± 31 pm V−1 and −0.0138 ± 0.0015 for Sample-2, respectively. Furthermore, a theoretical model for analyzing the measurement accuracies of r 51 and b e o is proposed and the accuracy dependences on the two key variables, drive voltage and optic–electric interaction efficiency, are investigated. Finally, the limitations to the measurement accuracy of this methodology are discussed, including the effect of temperature on the measurement accuracy of r 51 .

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Section: Theory Of the Pockles Effect Based Refractive Index Modulati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theory Of the Pockles Effect Based Refractive Index Modulati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological analysis for the electrooptic coefficient and birefringence of BaTiO₃ crystal films with complementary polarization modulations

Sun

Han

et al. 2020

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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“…1). Thin-film EO modulators of BTO have been demonstrated on silicon [4,7] and other oxide substrates [8,9]. High-quality thin films grown on silicon using the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique on large-scale wafers have been demonstrated for electro-optic applications [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domain effects on the electro-optic properties of thin-film Barium Titanate

Vasudevan¹,

Selvaraja²

2023

Preprint

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Thin-film ferroelectric oxide materials over the year have been explored for various electronic applications. Recently, the electro-optic properties of these materials have gained considerable interest as an integrated high-speed electro-optic modulator. Particularly, bulk Barium Titanate has the highest electro-optic response. However, the effect of thin film, domain orientation, and polling on the electro-optic response is not well understood. In this article, we present the domain effects of thin-film ferroelectric Barium Titanate on the electro-optic response in a waveguide configuration. We also show the impact of drive electrode orientation with respect to the in-plane polarisation angle in a multi-domain structure.

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“…[30] In our previous works, we have introduced the accurate methodology for the electro-optical coefficient and manifested the intrinsic dependence of the EO effect on the initial state of crystal film/environment temperature. [31][32][33] Very recently, we discussed the highly efficient EO modulation method-phase-polarization modulation (PPM) for the thin-film caxis BaTiO 3 waveguide-based modulator and also demonstrated the crucial role of the PPM scheme in increasing the slope of optical phase transfer function of an MZI type intensity EO modulator. [34] In this work, we first analyze the dynamic-polarization interference process of a thin-film BaTiO 3 waveguide-based MZI type EO intensity modulator mechanism under the PPM mechanism, investigate the intrinsic relationships between the slope of optical phase transfer function and the electric-to-optical signal energy transition efficiency and clarifies the principle of PPM mechanism to reduce the half-wave voltage (V 𝜋 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 30 ] In our previous works, we have introduced the accurate methodology for the electro‐optical coefficient and manifested the intrinsic dependence of the EO effect on the initial state of crystal film/environment temperature. [ 31–33 ] Very recently, we discussed the highly efficient EO modulation method‐phase‐polarization modulation (PPM) for the thin‐film c‐axis BaTiO 3 waveguide‐based modulator and also demonstrated the crucial role of the PPM scheme in increasing the slope of optical phase transfer function of an MZI type intensity EO modulator. [ 34 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lowering The Bit‐Energy of Electro‐Optic Modulators Via Polarization‐Phase Modulation in Thin‐Film BaTiO₃ Ferroelectric Crystal Waveguide

Sun,

et al. 2023

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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The electro‐optic (EO) modulator is a crucial device for achieving high‐speed optical communication and optical interconnection by loading the high‐frequency electrical signals onto the optical carrier. To date, modern communication technique demands for a low energy consumption for green data center establishment. In this work, a thin‐film BaTiO3 crystal waveguide Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) type EO intensity modulator is experimentally implemented and its dynamic‐polarization interference process involving a phase‐polarization modulation (PPM) scheme other than conventional optical phase modulation (OPM) is carefully analyzed. It findings show that the PPM scheme can efficiently reduce the half‐wave voltage () and the equivalent half‐wave voltage () of the modulator. Then, a new theory of deriving the bit energy (BE) from is put forward, which has proven that the BE value under PPM is lower than the OPM counterpart. The EO modulator prototype featuring a length of 1.4 mm, = 3.0 V and BE = 1.2 pJ/bit match well with the numerical calculations, thus validating the feasibility to achieve a BE<0.2 pJ/bit for an EO modulator through optimization of the electrode gap and state‐of‐the‐art fabrication techniques in the near future.

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Strategic measurement for the axis orientation and electro-optic coefficient of BaTiO₃ crystal thin film grown on MgO crystal with polarization modulations

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Methodological analysis for the electrooptic coefficient and birefringence of BaTiO₃ crystal films with complementary polarization modulations

Methodological analysis for the electrooptic coefficient and birefringence of BaTiO₃ crystal films with complementary polarization modulations

Domain effects on the electro-optic properties of thin-film Barium Titanate

Lowering The Bit‐Energy of Electro‐Optic Modulators Via Polarization‐Phase Modulation in Thin‐Film BaTiO₃ Ferroelectric Crystal Waveguide

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Strategic measurement for the axis orientation and electro-optic coefficient of BaTiO3 crystal thin film grown on MgO crystal with polarization modulations

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Methodological analysis for the electrooptic coefficient and birefringence of BaTiO3 crystal films with complementary polarization modulations

Methodological analysis for the electrooptic coefficient and birefringence of BaTiO3 crystal films with complementary polarization modulations

Domain effects on the electro-optic properties of thin-film Barium Titanate

Lowering The Bit‐Energy of Electro‐Optic Modulators Via Polarization‐Phase Modulation in Thin‐Film BaTiO3 Ferroelectric Crystal Waveguide

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Strategic measurement for the axis orientation and electro-optic coefficient of BaTiO₃ crystal thin film grown on MgO crystal with polarization modulations

Methodological analysis for the electrooptic coefficient and birefringence of BaTiO₃ crystal films with complementary polarization modulations

Methodological analysis for the electrooptic coefficient and birefringence of BaTiO₃ crystal films with complementary polarization modulations

Lowering The Bit‐Energy of Electro‐Optic Modulators Via Polarization‐Phase Modulation in Thin‐Film BaTiO₃ Ferroelectric Crystal Waveguide