“…SO refers to the opportunities from external factors to manage natural resources, to obtain the most benefit, whereas ST refers to the strengthening of areas to mitigate external threats. WO was combined to suggest an approach to self-improvement to reduce vulnerability or turn a weakness into a strength; in turn, WT was the proposed approach to mitigate the risk and threats from any unpredicted impacts (Kazemi et al, 2018 ; Yan et al, 2017 ). Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The advantage of a SWOT analysis is that it can be used to evaluate local tourism resources (Yan et al, 2017), based on both current and future constraints. Previous examples have included decision-making support to plan the cultivation of shrubs and trees in urban landscapes in Iran (Kazemi et al, 2018); the identification of internal and external factors that influence mangrove ecotourism management at Kakaralamo Island, Indonesia (Arkwright & Kaomaneng, 2018); and assessing the capacity of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) engaged in ecotourism in China (Zhuang et al, 2011). A limitation of SWOT analyses is that they may provide an incomplete list of internal and external factors (Kazemi et al, 2018); under these circumstances, other indicators related to these factors should be determined.…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A SWOT analysis is one of the tools that can be integrated with DPSIR and adapted to identify critical factors. In a SWOT analysis, factors in a given study are categorized (Battisti et al, 2016 ; Kazemi et al, 2018 ) as being internal (strengths/weaknesses) or external (opportunities/threats). The advantage of a SWOT analysis is that it can be used to evaluate local tourism resources (Yan et al, 2017 ), based on both current and future constraints.…”
This study aimed to assess ecotourism in a mangrove area and whether it conformed with sustainable tourism. We were interested in exploring the demand for natural resources and the supply of areas for ecotourism. To achieve this, we integrated a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis with the DPSIR (driving forces, pressures, states, impacts, and responses) framework, based on questionnaire interviews with three target groups (tourists, homestay operators, and community residents), plus in-depth interviews with local scholars and officers of administrative organizations. Supplementary data recorded included the physical characteristics of local homestays and houses. The results were analyzed statistically and the ecotourism carrying capacity of the area was assessed, based on the SWOT analysis. Internal factors included key strengths, e.g., the income associated with nature-supporting tourism, and key weaknesses, e.g., local stakeholders' awareness and understanding of ecological mechanisms. External factors included opportunities arising from tourism policies and public relations and threats from town and urban planning and pollution from nearby areas. The DPSIR framework was used to rank the scores of each DPSIR dimension, with the responses identifying DPSIR indicators prioritized. Finally, a conceptual DPSIR model of ecotourism, which illustrated the ecotourism lifecycle, was developed.
“…SO refers to the opportunities from external factors to manage natural resources, to obtain the most benefit, whereas ST refers to the strengthening of areas to mitigate external threats. WO was combined to suggest an approach to self-improvement to reduce vulnerability or turn a weakness into a strength; in turn, WT was the proposed approach to mitigate the risk and threats from any unpredicted impacts (Kazemi et al, 2018 ; Yan et al, 2017 ). Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The advantage of a SWOT analysis is that it can be used to evaluate local tourism resources (Yan et al, 2017), based on both current and future constraints. Previous examples have included decision-making support to plan the cultivation of shrubs and trees in urban landscapes in Iran (Kazemi et al, 2018); the identification of internal and external factors that influence mangrove ecotourism management at Kakaralamo Island, Indonesia (Arkwright & Kaomaneng, 2018); and assessing the capacity of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) engaged in ecotourism in China (Zhuang et al, 2011). A limitation of SWOT analyses is that they may provide an incomplete list of internal and external factors (Kazemi et al, 2018); under these circumstances, other indicators related to these factors should be determined.…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A SWOT analysis is one of the tools that can be integrated with DPSIR and adapted to identify critical factors. In a SWOT analysis, factors in a given study are categorized (Battisti et al, 2016 ; Kazemi et al, 2018 ) as being internal (strengths/weaknesses) or external (opportunities/threats). The advantage of a SWOT analysis is that it can be used to evaluate local tourism resources (Yan et al, 2017 ), based on both current and future constraints.…”
This study aimed to assess ecotourism in a mangrove area and whether it conformed with sustainable tourism. We were interested in exploring the demand for natural resources and the supply of areas for ecotourism. To achieve this, we integrated a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis with the DPSIR (driving forces, pressures, states, impacts, and responses) framework, based on questionnaire interviews with three target groups (tourists, homestay operators, and community residents), plus in-depth interviews with local scholars and officers of administrative organizations. Supplementary data recorded included the physical characteristics of local homestays and houses. The results were analyzed statistically and the ecotourism carrying capacity of the area was assessed, based on the SWOT analysis. Internal factors included key strengths, e.g., the income associated with nature-supporting tourism, and key weaknesses, e.g., local stakeholders' awareness and understanding of ecological mechanisms. External factors included opportunities arising from tourism policies and public relations and threats from town and urban planning and pollution from nearby areas. The DPSIR framework was used to rank the scores of each DPSIR dimension, with the responses identifying DPSIR indicators prioritized. Finally, a conceptual DPSIR model of ecotourism, which illustrated the ecotourism lifecycle, was developed.
“…For example, the SWOT analysis was employed to examine the feasibility of the cultivation of fruit-bearing shrubs and trees. One of the main strategies valid for urban agriculture development in developing countries is the use of germplasms of native fruit trees with low water requirements (Kazemia et al, 2018).…”
A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis has become a key tool used by businesses for strategic planning. Scholars have conducted SWOT research for over six decades. However, a collective understanding of SWOT analysis remains vague. This study accessed, analyzed, and synthesized the SWOT literature, allowing for new theoretical perspectives and frameworks to emerge. Using an integrative literature review, this study reviewed SWOT studies historically, providing a greater understanding of the SWOT analysis in different sectors and the different approaches used in SWOT studies. Furthermore, it fills the knowledge gap in the strategic planning context and indicates meaningful implications for managers that could help improve their strategic decisions.
“…SWOT analysis will help a lot when it comes to determine the positioning. SWOT analysis have been a big help in many sectors such as business, education, healthcare, and urban and land use planning (Paschalidou et al, 2016;Zharan and Bongaerts, 2017, Hlungwani, 2017, Aslan et al, 2014, Kazemi et al, 2018, as cited by Cui, Allan, Lin, 2019. However, there is some criticisms for SWOT analysis.…”
Section: Swot Analysis As a Tool In Public Relations Strategymentioning
Public relations are an important aspect that must be considered by public sector organizations to achieve its objectives. Strategic management is a valuable tool to aid public sector organizations in developing its public communication programs regarding the public relations. This paper attempts to explore the basic concepts that is important regarding the issue through literature review of several previous studies on public relations strategic management in public sector organizations. From these literature, this paper concludes that in order to achieve its public relations objectives, public sector organizations will have to: identify the groups that make up the public, understand the positioning of the organizations as well as the public groups; choose the best public relations strategy; and formulate the tailored messages to be communicated to each public groups according to the strategy chosen by the organization.
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