Strategies, Development and Applications of Polymer-Modified Electrodes for Stripping Analysis

Gouveia‐Caridade, Carla; Brett, Christopher M.A.

doi:10.2174/157341108784911316

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Single microelectrodes can be fabricated in-house or purchased, but the fabrication of microlectrode arrays requires access to specialized microengineering manufacturing facilities. Working electrodes modified with polymers 66 , metal nanomaterials and micro materials 42,[67][68][69] and metal oxides 69 extend the sensing applicability in ESA. The modification step aims to enhance the detection sensitivity or selectivity and to improve the robustness of the relevant sensors, through protection from matrix effects or stabilization of the sensing layer.…”

Section: Types Of Working Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical stripping analysis

Ariño

Banks

Bobrowski

et al. 2022

Nat Rev Methods Primers

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Electrochemical stripping analysis (ESA) is a trace electroanalytical technique for the determination of metal cations, inorganic ions, organic compounds and biomolecules. It is based on a pre-concentration step of the target analyte(s), or a compound of the target, on a suitable working electrode. This is followed by a stripping step of the accumulated analyte using an electroanalytical technique. Advantages of ESA include high sensitivity and low limits of detection, multi-analyte capability, low cost of instrumentation and consumables, low power requirements, potential for on-site analysis, speciation capability and scope for indirect biosensing. This Primer covers fundamental aspects of ESA and discusses methods of pre-concentration and stripping, instrumentation, types of working electrodes and sensors, guidelines for method optimization, typical applications, data interpretation and interferences, and method limitations and workarounds. Finally, the current trends and future prospects of ESA are highlighted.

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Section: Types Of Working Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical stripping analysis

Ariño

Banks

Bobrowski

et al. 2022

Nat Rev Methods Primers

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“…One is to reduce the contact time between the sample and the sensor electrode. A second involves modifying or protecting the surface with an inert polymer that does not interact with the solution's interfering or adsorbable components whilst allowing the electrode reaction needed for quantification to proceed (11). One of the most successful approaches is coating with a cation-exchange polymer; the best of these have been produced using Nafion or similar polymers.…”

Section: Trace Metal Analysis In Complex Environmental Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exchange properties of the film, of thickness approximately 1 micron, allow the trace metal ions to penetrate through to the electrode substrate underneath and react. This approach has been applied by us in environmental waters, in the analysis or toxic nutrient solutions used for organism toxicity testing and for other applications, as described in (11). One of the important points which arises is how does the structure of the polymer film, or of any of the other components, change on use.…”

Section: Trace Metal Analysis In Complex Environmental Matricesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Characterization of Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors

Brett

2008

ECS Trans.

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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is becoming increasingly widely used in the field of electrochemical sensors and biosensors, mainly for characterization of the sensor assemblies, but also as a diagnostic and as a quantitative detection method. The advantages of using EIS are outlined, the information that can be obtained from spectra that is useful for sensor development, and the possibilities for quantitative measurements are discussed. Illustrative examples include the characterization of the interfacial region associated with self-assembled monolayers, the use of impedance to deduce electrooxidation kinetics of nucleic acids in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation in order to avoid adsorption, cation-exchange-polymer-coated electrochemical sensors used for the analysis of trace metal ions in environmental samples and redox-mediated electrochemical enzyme biosensors.

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“…Mercury and bismuth are toxic and difficult to use, and new materials are currently under considerable attention [8]. For such purpose, materials based on carbon nanotubes [9], carbon thin film [10], graphene and graphene oxide [11], metal nanoparticles [11,12,13,14], and polymers and membranes [15,16,17] are used as WE. Moreover, the number of publications has been growing on the use of track-etched membranes (TeMs) based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a dual-electrode [18,19,20,21,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of PET Track-Etched Membranes by UV-Induced Graft (co)Polymerization for Detection of Heavy Metal Ions in Water

et al. 2019

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Nowadays, water quality monitoring is an essential task since environmental contamination and human exposure to heavy metals increased. Sensors that are able to detect ever lower concentrations of heavy metal ions with greater accuracy and speed are needed to effectively monitor water quality and prevent poisoning. This article shows studies of the modification of flexible track-etched membranes as the basis for the sensor with various polymers and their influence on the accuracy of detection of copper, cadmium, and lead ions in water. We report the UV-induced graft (co)polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and 4-vinylpyridine (4-VPy) on poly(ethylene terephthalate) track-etched membrane (PET TeMs) and use them after platinum layer sputtering in square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SW-ASV) for detection of Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+. Optimal conditions leading to functionalization of the surface and retention of the pore structure were found. Modified membranes were characterized by SEM, FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and colorimetric analysis. The dependence of the modification method on the sensitivity of the sensor was shown. Membrane modified with polyacrylic acid (PET TeMs-g-PAA), poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PET TeMs-g-P4VPy), and their copolymer (PET TeMs-g-P4VPy/PAA) with average grafting yield of 3% have been found to be sensitive to µg/L concentration of copper, lead, and cadmium ions. Limits of detection (LOD) for sensors based on PET TeMs-g-PAA are 2.22, 1.05, and 2.53 µg/L for Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+, respectively. LODs for sensors based on PET TeMs-g-P4VPy are 5.23 µg/L (Cu2+), 1.78 µg/L (Pb2+), and 3.64 µg/L (Cd2+) µg/L. PET TeMs-g-P4VPy/PAA electrodes are found to be sensitive with LODs of 0.74 µg/L(Cu2+), 1.13 µg/L (Pb2+), and 2.07 µg/L(Cd2+). Thus, it was shown that the modification of membranes by copolymers with carboxylic and amino groups leads to more accurate detection of heavy metal ions, associated with the formation of more stable complexes.

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Strategies, Development and Applications of Polymer-Modified Electrodes for Stripping Analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 76 publications

Electrochemical stripping analysis

Electrochemical stripping analysis

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Characterization of Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors

Functionalization of PET Track-Etched Membranes by UV-Induced Graft (co)Polymerization for Detection of Heavy Metal Ions in Water

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