Strategies for Antimicrobial Peptides Immobilization on Surfaces to Prevent Biofilm Growth on Biomedical Devices

Abstract

Nosocomial and medical device-induced biofilm infections affect millions of lives and urgently require innovative preventive approaches. These pathologies have led to the development of numerous antimicrobial strategies, an emergent topic involving both natural and synthetic routes, among which some are currently under testing for clinical approval and use. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are ideal candidates for this fight. Therefore, the strategies involving surface functionalization with AMPs to prevent bacterial attachment/biofilms formation have experienced a tremendous development over the last decade. In this review, we describe the different mechanisms of action by which AMPs prevent bacterial adhesion and/or biofilm formation to better address their potential as anti-infective agents. We additionally analyze AMP immobilization techniques on a variety of materials, with a focus on biomedical applications. Furthermore, we summarize the advances made to date regarding the immobilization strategies of AMPs on various surfaces and their ability to prevent the adhesion of various microorganisms. Progress toward the clinical approval of AMPs in antibiotherapy is also reviewed.

Characterization and Differential Cytotoxicity of Gramicidin Nanoparticles Combined with Cationic Polymer or Lipid Bilayer

“…Furthermore, PDDA displays affinity for proteins such as albumin [ 23 , 24 ] and ovalbumin [ 25 ], yielding hybrid PDDA/protein nanoparticles and revealing its affinity also for peptides due to weak non-covalent intermolecular interactions between the polymer and the peptide. In fact, combinations of polyelectrolytes and antimicrobial peptides have been reported as potent antimicrobial coatings on solid surfaces [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Lately, the literature has presented several effective combinations of antimicrobial agents, including membrane-disrupting cationic polymers and antibiotics against opportunistic bacteria [ 29 ], guanidinium and quaternary ammonium polymers acting synergistically by the translocation/precipitation of cytosolic components or disruption of the microbe membrane, respectively [ 30 ], and, antibiotics combined with biocompatible 2, 6-diamino chitosan that decreased by 2.4 logs the infective pathogens in vivo [ 31 ].…”

Optimization and Antibacterial Response of N-Halamine Coatings Based on Polydopamine

“…Thus, the prevention of bacterial adhesion appears to be essential and results in the development of antibacterial coatings, as evidenced by the numerous research projects aimed at the development of such systems. One can cite surface functionalization with various antimicrobial molecules, such as enzymes, peptides, organic compounds (aldehyde and quaternary ammonium), or even oxide protective layers [8][9][10][11][12]. Three main classes of antibacterial coatings can be designed in such a way, either to limit bacterial adhesion, which is called an antiadhesive coating and/or to inhibit the development of bacteria, which are said to be bacteriostatic films, or even to kill bacteria, known as biocidal coatings [13].…”

Surface antimicrobial functionalization with polymers: fabrication, mechanisms and applications

“…These macromolecules display high antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial activity even at low concentrations. 85 For example, CM15, a synthetic AMP containing hybrid cecropin A and melittin, potently disrupts microbial membranes despite its complex and unfolded structure. 86 The interaction between microbial membranes and peptides is an electrostatic interaction whereby cationic AMPs strongly interact with negatively charged microbial membranes.…”