Strategies for encapsulating biomolecules in sol–gel matrices11Paper presented at Sympos. Synergistic Synthesis of Inorganic Materials, March 1996, Schloß Ringberg, Germany.

Dunn, Bruce; Miller, J.; Dave, Bakul C.; Valentine, Joan Selverstone; Zink, Jeffrey I.

doi:10.1016/s1359-6454(97)00254-1

Cited by 100 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…4 It has been broadly shown that the overall stability of proteins and enzymes embedded in these glasses is enhanced with regard to temperature, pH, and chemical denaturation. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] In addition, tertiary and quaternary conformational changes in heme proteins, such as myoglobin (Mb) and hemoglobin (Hb), can be inhibited or dramatically slowed, which allows these proteins to be "trapped" and studied in non-equilibrium structural conformations. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The origin of the stability imparted by the silica sol-gel matrix is complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Proteins Encapsulated in Silica Sol−Gel Glasses Studied with IR Vibrational Echo Spectroscopy

2006

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Spectrally-resolved infrared stimulated vibrational echo spectroscopy is used to measure the fast dynamics of heme-bound CO in carbonmonoxy-myoglobin (MbCO) and hemoglobin (HbCO) embedded in silica sol-gel glasses. On the time scale of ~100 fs to several ps, the vibrational dephasing of the heme-bound CO is measurably slower for both MbCO and HbCO relative to aqueous protein solutions. The fast structural dynamics of MbCO, as sensed by the heme-bound CO, are influenced more by the sol-gel environment than those of HbCO. Longer time scale structural dynamics (tens of ps), as measured by the extent of spectral diffusion, are the same for both proteins encapsulated in sol-gel glasses compared to aqueous solutions. A comparison of the sol-gel experimental results to viscosity dependent vibrational echo data taken on various mixtures of water and fructose shows that the sol-gel encapsulated MbCO exhibits dynamics that are the equivalent to the protein in a solution that is nearly 20 times more viscous than bulk water. In contrast, the HbCO dephasing in the sol-gel reflects only a 2-fold increase in viscosity. Attempts to alter the encapsulating pore size by varying the molar ratio of silane precursor to water (R-value) used to prepare the sol-gel glasses were found to have no effect on the fast or steady-state spectroscopic results. The vibrational echo data are discussed in the context of solvent confinement and protein-pore wall interactions to provide insights into the influence of a confined environment on the fast structural dynamics experienced by a biomolecule.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Proteins Encapsulated in Silica Sol−Gel Glasses Studied with IR Vibrational Echo Spectroscopy

2006

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“…To a solution of 4-(4′-hydroxyphenylazo)benzyl alcohol, appropriate substituted benzylic bromide, [18]crown-6, and acetone followed by K 2 CO 3 were added in the amounts indicated below. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 24 h under argon atmosphere.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoisomerization of Azobenzene Derivatives in Nanostructured Silica

et al. 2006

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A series of derivatized azobenzene molecules are synthesized such that one of the phenyl groups can be chemically bonded to mesostructured silica and the other, derivatized with dendrons, is free to undergo largeamplitude light-driven motion. The silica frameworks on which the motion takes place are either 150 nm thick films containing ordered hexagonal arrays of tubes (inner diameter about 2 nm) containing the bonded azobenzenes, or particles (about 500 nm in diameter) containing the same ordered arrays of functionalized tubes. The photoisomerization yields and the rate constants for the thermal cis to trans back-reaction of the azobenzenes in the tubes are measured and compared to those of the molecules in solution. The rate constants decrease with increasing size of the dendrons. Fluorescence spectra of the cis and trans isomers in the pores show that the photoisomerization in the nanostructured materials is selectively driven by specific wavelengths of light and is reversible.

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“…The chemistry is based on the hydrolysis and condensation of molecular precursors such as metal alkoxides [1][2][3][4]. The sol, a stable suspension of colloidal solid particles in a liquid, undergoes gelation which leads to the formation of a porous 3-dimensional interconnected matrix with an interstitial liquid phase [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As long as the biomolecule was soluble in the aqueous or alcohol-based solvent, it could be incorporated within the pores of the inorganic matrix, and effectively impart its properties to the resulting solid [1,6,9]. Among the different biomolecule immobilization methods, sol-gel encapsulation has emerged as one of the most attractive approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another key feature associated with sol-gel based materials is the microstructure of the matrix. The intrinsic pore size can be tailored such that small analytes can diffuse in and bind or react with the encapsulated biomolecule while the larger, encapsulated biomolecule is unable to diffuse out of the matrix [1,17]. It is significant to mention that the field of sol-gel immobilization continues to be extremely active.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bio-hybrid materials for immunoassay-based sensing of cortisol

Fang

Zhou

Lan

et al. 2009

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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Sol-gel encapsulation has been used as the basis for detecting cortisol by an immunoassay approach. Previous research showed that antibodies immobilized in the pores of a sol-gel derived silica were able to bind cortisol and be used as an immunosensor. However, this approach was not effective when measuring cortisol levels in human serum because of interference from other fluorescence sources. The present paper describes a protocol which overcomes these limitations and enables sol-gel immunoassays to effectively measure cortisol in human serum over the physiological range of cortisol blood concentrations in an adult (2-28 lg/dL). The method involves a standard additions approach in which various amounts of cortisol are added to the serum. The cortisol concentration values obtained with our sol-gel immunoassay were typically within 10% of the values obtained by traditional analytical methods. The protocol presented here represents a significant contribution to sol-gel sensing and immunoassays in particular, because of the ability to detect an analyte in human serum. In addition, this work reports the first comparison between results from a sol-gel immunosensor and an alternative immuno-binding method for analyte detection.

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Strategies for encapsulating biomolecules in sol–gel matrices11Paper presented at Sympos. Synergistic Synthesis of Inorganic Materials, March 1996, Schloß Ringberg, Germany.

Cited by 100 publications

References 10 publications

Dynamics of Proteins Encapsulated in Silica Sol−Gel Glasses Studied with IR Vibrational Echo Spectroscopy

Dynamics of Proteins Encapsulated in Silica Sol−Gel Glasses Studied with IR Vibrational Echo Spectroscopy

Photoisomerization of Azobenzene Derivatives in Nanostructured Silica

Bio-hybrid materials for immunoassay-based sensing of cortisol

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